Chapter 12 The New Imperialism

Imperialism: domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country, or region.

Motives of the New Imperialism

Economic interests Political/Military interests Humanitarian/religious goals Social Darwinism Euro. Races believed they were superior to all others & imperial conquest/destruction of weaker races = natures way of improving the human species

Forms of Imperial Control

1.) Colonies-imperial powers set up a colonial bureaucracy w/ their own officials to rule & transform local society Direct Rule-officials from imperial power ruled locals directly France: goal was to turn colonies into French provinces

Forms of Imperial Control

Indirect Rule used local leaders as their agents in governing their colonies (Britain) 2.) Protectorates local leaders left in place, but they were expected to follow advice of Euro. Advisors(advantage-cost less to run colony)

Forms of Imperial Control

3.) Sphere of Influence - an area in which an outside power claimed exclusive trading and investment rights

African Imperialism
Belgian Exploitation: The Congo
The Dutch exploited the land & people to become wealthy in ivory & rubber trade 6 million Africans died during the rubber trade Many forced to be carriers for people on jungle expeditions

Berlin Conference: 1884

1884 Euro. nations met @ international conference in Berlin to carve up Africa no Africans were invited Euro. Powers recog. Leopolds claims to the Congo Euro. Nations agreed no nation could claim any part of Africa w/out setting up gov. office there Map of Africa redrawn

French Expansion in Africa

France took largest portion of Africa mainly in West/No. & Central Africa Invaded/conquered Algeria in 1830s; cost many Algerian lives At its height, the French Empire in Africa was as large as the United States

British Expansion in Africa

Brits share of Africa = smaller, but more heavily populated w/ rich resources West/East Africa Egypt, Sudan, So. Africa (Cape Colony) Brits set up racial segregation that lasted until 1993

Africans Resist Imperialism

Algerians battled French, Brits battled Zulas, Germans fought in East Africa & used scorched earth policy Successful resistance = Ethiopia under Menelik II

British Imperialism in India

The British Take over India by mid 1800s The East India Co.obtained trading rights on the West side of India in 1600s-by mid1800s it controlled 3/5ths of India

The Sun Never Sets on the British Empire