Prepared By : Vandit Prajapati

Guided By : Prof. V.K. Agrawal

The Indian postal and telecom sectors saw a slow and uneasy start. In 1850, the first experimental electric telegraph line was started between Kolkata and Diamond Harbor. Subsequently, In 1853 the construction of 4,000 miles (6,400km) of telecom lines connecting Kolkata and Peshawar in the north along with Agra, Mumbai through Sindwa Ghats, and Chennai. In 1880, two telephone companies namely The Oriental Telephone Company Ltd. And The Anglo-Indian Telephone Company Ltd. approached the Government of India to establish telephone exchanges in India.

The permission was refused on the grounds that the establishment of telephones was a Government monopoly and that the Government itself would undertake the work.

In 1881, the Government later reversed its earlier decision and a license was granted to the Oriental Telephone Company Limited of England for opening telephone exchanges at Calcutta, Bombay, Madras and Ahmedabad and the first formal telephone service was established in the country

Today the Indian telecommunications network with over 375 Million subscribers is second largest network in the world after China. India is also the fastest growing telecom market in the world with an addition of 9-10 million monthly subscribers. The tele-density of the Country has increased from in 2009 to 33% in December 2010, showing a stupendous annual growth of about 50%, one of the highest in any sector of the Indian Economy.

Recent Things To Watch In Indian Telecom Sector Are:

1. 3G and BWA (Broadband Wireless Association) auctions 2. MVNO (Mobile Virtual Network Operator) 3. Mobile Number Portability 4. New Policy for Value Added Services 5. Market dynamics once the recently licensed new telecom operators start rolling out services. 6. Increased thrust on telecom equipment manufacturing and exports. 7. Reduction in Mobile Termination Charges as the cost per line has substantially reduced due to technological advancement and increase in traffic

1) Bharti Airtel 2) BSNL 3)Vodafone Essar 4)Reliance 5)Idea Cellular 6)Tata Communications 7)Tata Teleservices 8)Aircel 9)MTNL 10)TTML

1. Bharati Airtel :
Bharti Airtel retained its leading position among telecom service providers and posted a growth of five per cent to end 2009-10 fiscal with revenues of Rs 38,800 crore (Rs 388 billion). The company is structured into four strategic business units -- mobile, telemedia, enterprise and digital TV. The company has with operations in 18 countries with a footprint covering 1.8 billion people. Sunil Bharti Mittal is the chairman and managing director of the company. In March 2010, Bharti Airtel bought the African operations of Kuwait-based Zain Telecom for $10.7 billion. Recently, it has joined a consortium of global telecom operators to announce the launch of the EASSy cable system -- the 10,000 km undersea cable connecting

2. BSNL:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited saw a drop in its revenue for the second consecutive year to post Rs 30,240 crore (Rs 302.4 billion), a drop of 14 per cent, even though it retained the number two position among telecom players. BSNL offers both fixed line and mobile services with broadband connections. With over 71.68 million subscribers, BSNL currently is the largest wireline service provider in India. The company has reported around 6 crore (600 million) 2G connections and 9,73,378 3G connections since February 2010. All major towns and cities are

3. Vodafone Essar:
The Indian subsidiary of Vodafone Group, Vodafone Essar recorded 13.7 per cent growth to emerge as the third largest player with revenue of Rs 23,200 crore (Rs 232 billion). The company commenced operations in 1994 when its predecessor Hutchison Telecom acquired the cellular license for Mumbai. It has operations across the country with over 106.34 million customers. It is the world's leading international mobile communications group with approximately 347 million proportionate customers as on 30June 2010 and has around 40 partner networks worldwide.

4.

Reliance:

Reliance ADA Group's flagship company, Reliance Communications reported a negative growth of 3.5 per cent with revenue of Rs 22,130 crore (Rs 221.3 billion). It is India's largest private sector information and communications company, with over 100 million subscribers. It has established a pan-India, high-capacity, integrated (wireless and wireline), convergent (voice, data and video) digital network, to offer services spanning the entire infocomm value chain.

5. Idea Cellular:
Idea Cellular is part of the Aditya Birla Group and has bagged fifth position with a revenue of Rs 11,390 crore (Rs 113.9 billion). It is a leading GSM mobile services operator in India with 67 million subscribers. Idea offers both prepaid and post paid services. It is a pan-India operator with services being made available in all parts of the country. Idea was the first cellular service provider to launch General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) in the country.

3G cellular technology is defined as the provision of wireless broadband data and information services right to a persons mobile unit. Compared to the previous technologies, 3G promises speeds ranging from 144 Kbps, which is 3 times faster compared to the traditional 56K dial-up modem connection up to 2.4 Mbps, which is very near cable-modem speed. The networks of 3G allows you to browse quickly through web pages, watch on-demand video programs, download and play music, videos and 3D games, watch streaming videos and music videos and have a video conference with others located on the other side of the plant. 13 million people telephony services. already using third generation

1) BSNL:
BSNL, which offer 3G in more than 700 towns and cities across the country, have 3.5 million users.

2) Airtel:
Airtel, which offer 3G only 40 cities, and plans to reach 1,500 cities by March next year in the country, have 3 million users.

3. Reliance:
RCom is one of the biggest losers in the mobile number portability game, the early launch of 3G and rapid expansion to reach more than 150 towns and cities have helped it to attract a large number of subscribers fast.

The operator plans to expand into more towns and cities soon. It has 3G spectrum in 13 circles across the country, have around 2 million users.

4. Tata Docomo:
Tata Docomo is at the fourth place with 1.5 million customers. Docomo, Tata's Japanese partner, which is credited with the first 3G network in the world, also became the first private operator in India to launch the service. It has already launched services in all the nine circles with more than 100 cities already covered.

5. Idea:
Idea Cellular is fifth in the 3G race with more than one million 3G subscribers.

The word "software" had been coined as a prank by at least 1953, but did not appear in print until the 1960s. Computers were programmed either by customers, or the few commercial computer vendors of the time, such asUNIVACandIBM. The first company founded to provide software products and services wasComputer Usage Company in 1955.

Digital Equipment Corporationbrought a relatively low-priced micro-computer to market, it brought computing within reach of many more companies and universities worldwide, and it spawned great innovation in terms of new, powerful programming languages and methodologies. New software was built for microcomputers, and others, including IBM, followed DECs example quickly, resulting in the IBM AS400 amongst others.

1) The number one reason has to be the largewell educated population in India. 2) 3) Thehighest number of English speaking people. Partial privatization and growth inTelecommunication, in late nineties.Telecommunication forms an integral part of Information technology Industry. The rapid growth in IT parks in India in last 10 years. Government setup SEZs (specialized economic zones), where opening of software services companies would get certain tax subsidies. This attracted lot ofcompanies to setup software shops.

4)

5) The tax breaks and sops offered by Indian government for upcoming software firms. This made India one of the most attractive markets for setting up Software shop.

1. Tata Consultancy Services:

The National Association of Software and Services Companies (Nasscom) has forecast a strong outlook for 2009-2010 strong with software and services revenue seen growing by 21-24 per cent. The software and services exports are set to hit the $50 billion-mark. The software and services exports segment grew by 29 per cent (in USD) to register revenues of $40.4 billion in 2009-2010, up from $31.4 billion in 2009-2010. The domestic segment grew by 26 per cent (in INR) to register revenues of $ 11.6 billion in 2009-2010.

2. Wipro
What started off as a hydrogenated cooking fat company, Wipro is today is a $5 billion revenue generating IT, BPO and R&D services organisation with presence in over 50 countries. Premji started Wipro with the 'idea of building an organisation which was deeply committed to values, in the firm belief that success in business would be its inevitable, eventual outcome'. The company has over 72,000 employees. Wipro's revenues grew by 33 per cent to Rs 19,957 crore (Rs 200 billion) for the year ended March 31, 2010. The net profit grew by 12 per cent to Rs. 3,283 crore (Rs. 32.83 billion). The revenues of the

3. Infosys:
Infosys Technologies Ltd was started in 1981 by seven people with $250. Today, the company boasts of revenues of over $ 4 billion and 94,379 employees.

Under the leadership of N R Narayana Murthy, the company has become a global brand. The company is now headed by Kris Gopalakrishnan. The income for the quarter ended June 30 2010 was Rs 4,854 crore (Rs 48.54 billion). The net profit stood at Rs 1,302 crore (Rs 13.02 billion).

4.HCL Technologies:
HCL is a leading global technology player with annual revenues of $4.9 billion. The HCL Enterprise comprises two companies listed in India, HCL Technologies and HCL Infosystems. Founded in 1976, HCL is one of 'India's original IT garage start ups'.

Three decades later, he succeeded in creating a $ 4.9 billion global enterprise. The company has reported consolidated revenue of Rs 3017.5 crore (Rs 30.17 billion) during the quarter ended March 31, 2010. The profit after tax stood at Rs. 81.5 crore (Rs 815 million).

5.Tech Mahindra:
Tech Mahindra was incorporated as a joint venture between Mahindra & Mahindra and BT plc in 1986 under the name of 'Mahindra-British Telecom.

In a career spanning over 40 years, he has worked with the government, international multilateral agencies and the corporate sector. Tech Mahindra's net profit rose 8.57 per cent to Rs 196.4 crore (Rs 1.96 billion) on 6.09 per cent growth in net sale to Rs 911.6 crore (Rs 9.11 billion) in Q3 December 2007 over Q2 September 2007