ASHWANI SENGAR

M.TECH(VLSI)
INTRODUCTION
What is Reliability?
-Probability that a failure may not occur.
-intended function
-time, and
-operating conditions.

SYSTEM RELIABILITY

System reliability is a function of:
the reliability of the components
the interdependence of the components
the topology of the components
p
1
p
2
p
m
Series System Reliability

m
Reliability = Hp
i


i = 1
The reliability of a series system is expressed as the product
of the reliabilities of the individual contributors to the (portion of the)
series.
p
1
p
2
p
m
Parallel System Reliability

m
Reliability = 1 - [(1-p
i
)

i=1
-Probability of failure reduces.
R
1
R
2
R
3
R
4


For the system above with segment reliabilities of R
1
, R
2
, R
3
and R
4
,
the overall system reliability is:

System Reliability = (R
1
)(R
2
)(R
3
)(R
4
)
General Systems Reliability
System Effectiveness
There are three elements of system effectiveness:

availability,
reliability, and
design capability.

System Effectiveness = P
system effectiveness
= P
A
*P
R
*P
C
=
probability that the system will be effective.

.
The k-out-of-n Structure
A k-out-of-n system functions if and only if at least k of its n
components are functioning:

Its structure function is given by

<
>
=

=
=
. if , 0
if , 1
) (
1
1
k x
k x
n
i
i
n
i
i
x |
System Reliability Analysis
conducted in terms of probabilities
Qualitative and graphical methods include
Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA)
Reliability Block Diagrams (RBD)
Functional Logic Diagrams
a qualitative technique for understanding the
behaviour of components in an engineered systems
OBJECTIVE
assist the development of a more quantitative
event tree/fault tree analysis
FMEA can also be used as a stand-alone procedure
for relative ranking of failure modes that screens
them according to risk


Failure Modes and Effects Analysis
a risk evaluation technique
not a probabilistic method.
Consequences are also ranked qualitatively using levels
or categories
e.g., ranging from safe to catastrophic
FMEA uses a rank-ordered scale of likelihood with
respect to failure mode occurrence, so that together
with the consequence categories, a rank-ordered level
of relative risk can be derived for each failure mode
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