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Pancreas
Pancreas is a mixed organ; having both endocrine and exocrine portions
Endocrine portion: islets of pancreas: secreting hormones Exocrine portion: secreting enzymes into the intestine
Islets of Langerhans
Somatostatin
Glucagon
Exocrine portion
Insulin
Insulin
Energy-giving foods in the diet, especially excess amounts of carbohydrates increases insulin secretion
Actions of Insulin
Actions on carbohydrates
o Facilitates glucose transport into most cells
o Stimulates glycogenesis (Glucose Glycogen)
Actions on fat
Enhances the entry of fatty acids from the blood into adipose tissue cells Enhances transport of glucose into adipose tissue cells Stimulates triglyceride synthesis Inhibits lipolysis
Augments removal of fatty acids and glucose from the blood and promotes their storage in adipose tissue as triglycerides
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Actions on protein
Promotes the active transport of amino acids from the blood into muscles and other tissues
Insulin
Glucose Glycogen
Glucagon
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Diabetes Mellitus
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Diabetes Mellitus
A syndrome of impaired carbohydrate, fat, and protein metabolism caused by either lack of insulin secretion or decreased sensitivity of the tissues to insulin.
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o Increased the release of keto acids, such as acetoacetic acid and hydroxybutyric acid, into the plasma leading metabolic acidosis o Cholesterol generation and deposition
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When a normal, fasting person ingests 1 gram of glucose per kilogram of body weight, the blood glucose level rises from about 90 mg/100 ml to 120 to 140 mg/100 ml and falls back to below normal in about 2 hours.
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Acetone Breath
Breath
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The END
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