Routing Protocols To Mitigate Congestion In Wireless Sensor Networks

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Supritha.C, Usha.M.C,
4/24/12

Final Year BE, 8th SEM, Department of CSE, RYMEC,Bellary.

Contents
Introduction Differentiated service CAR MCAR SCAR Performance Evaluation Conclusion References

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Introduction
Wireless Sensor Networks Congestion Routing protocols Conzone

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Conzone

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Proposed Scheme
Existing schemes consider all data to be equally important. But not all data is equally important High priority data(HP) Low priority data(LP) Differentiated service Accommodate both, emphasize on HP LP over longer routes
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Contd..
Contributions of this paper Congestion Aware routing (CAR) MAC enhanced CAR (MCAR) Secure CAR (SCAR)

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Congestion Aware Routing (CAR)

CAR comprises three steps 1. Network formation 2. Conzone discovery 3. Differentiated routing

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1.Network Formation

This step divides the

nodes into On-conzone and Off-conzone nodes

It forms a HP network

(HiNet) to forward HP data

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HiNet formation Process

1. Sink broadcasts Build HiNet message 2. Nodes check whether they are joined 3. If not, message source is set as parent 4. Build HiNet is rebroadcasted again 5. Thus, all nodes become part of the graph 6. Periodic rebroadcast
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2.Conzone Discovery
A Conzone must be discovered for the delivery of HP data. Steps in conzone discovery algorithm 1. Critical area nodes broadcast To Sink messages. 2. When a node hears more than Alpha distinct To Sink messages, it marks itself as on conzone. 3. This message is overheard by neighbors in the neighborhood table. 4. Flood Destroy conzone message

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3.Differentiated Routing
Routing details HP data LP data generated within the conzone

A B C LP data generated outside the conzone

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MAC-Enhanced CAR(MCAR)
MCAR comprises three steps: 1. 2. 3. Network formation Setting modes Routing data.

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1.Network Formation
The nodes are expected to be mobile. Hence the HP paths are dynamically created.

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2.Setting Modes
LP Mode HP Mode Shadow Mode

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3.Routing
Route discovery is performed dynamically at the time of HP event detection. MCAR performs on-demand route discovery.

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Security Issues in WSN

Data Authentication Data secrecy Replay Protection Low energy consumption

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Secure CAR(SCAR)
SCAR comprises five steps: 1. Formation of HP Routing Network 2. Conzone Discovery 3. Encryption 4. Differentiated Routing
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5. Decryption

Encryption & Decryption

Encryption is the conversion of data into a form called Cipher text that cannot be easily understood by unauthorised users. Decryption is the process of converting encrypted data back to its original form which can be understood. In SCAR we use symmetric keys for this.
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Results - Performance Analysis

Average no of received packets for CAR

Average no of received packets for MCAR

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Conclusion
Data delivery issues, in the presence of congestion in wireless sensor networks are analyzed. CAR, suitable for networks with low mobility. MCAR, designed for networks with high mobility.
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Contd..
Both support effective HP data delivery in the

Contd.. presence of congestion.

previous approaches.

SCAR, offers a high level of security than the

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References
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[15] T. He, J.A. Stankovic, C. Lu, 4/24/12Distributed Computingand T. Abdelzaher, Speed: A Stateless Protocol for Real-Time Communication in Sensor Networks, Proc. 23rd IEEE Intl Conf. Systems (ICDCS), 2003. RYMEC,Bellary

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