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Syllabus
Drawing instruments and their uses. Lettering, Lines and dimensioning. Scales: Plain scale, Diagonal scale, Vernier scale. Curves used in Engg. Practice: Conic sections, Ellipse, Parabola, Hyperbola, Cycloid, Epicycloid, Hypocycloid, Involutes, and Spiral. Orthographic projections: First angle and third angle projections, conventions used, orthographic projection of simple solids; Conversion of three-dimensional views to orthographic views. Isometric projections: Isometric views, conversion of orthographic views to isometric views. Free hand sketching.
Types of Lines
Lines - Thickness
Line group Mediu m Thin Thicknes Uses s (mm) 0.2 Out lines, dotted line, cutting plane lines 0.1 Centre lines, section lines, dimension lines, extension line, construction lines, leader lines, short-break lines, and long-break lines
Lines - Thickness
In the finished drawing, all lines except construction lines should be dense, clean and uniform.
Construction lines should be drawn very thin and faint in the finished drawings.
Types of Lines
Types of Lines
Types of Lines
Types of Lines
Placing of Dimensions
Two systems: (i) Aligned system dimensions are placed perpendicular to the dimension line in such a way that it may be read from the bottom edge or the right-hand edge of the drawing sheet. The dimensions should be placed near the middle and above, but clear of the dimension lines. (ii) Unidirectional system - dimensions are so placed that they can be read from the bottom edge of the drawing sheet. The dimension lines are broken near the middle for inserting the dimensions. This system is mainly used on large drawings - as of aircrafts, automobiles etc. where it is inconvenient to read dimensions from the right-hand side.
Unit of Dimensioning
As far as possible all dimensions should be given in millimetres
The decimal point in a dimension should be quite distinct and written in line with the, bottom line of the figure (such as 2.5).
A zero must always precede the decimal point when
Every dimension must be given, but none should be given more than once.
A dimension should be placed on the view where its use is shown more clearly.
Dimensions should be placed outside the views, unless they a clearer and more easily read inside.
Mutual crossing of dimension lines and dimensioning between hidden lines should be avoided. Dimension lines should not cross another line of the drawing. An outline or a centre line should never be used as a dimension line. A centre line may be extended to serve as an extension line.
Lettering
The Bureau of Indian Standards (IS : 9609-1990) recommends single-stroke lettering for use in Engg. Drawing. It should not be taken to mean that the letters should be made in one stroke without lifting the pencil. It means that the thickness of the line of the letter should be such as is obtained in one stroke of the pencil. The horizontal lines should be drawn from left to right and vertical or inclined lines from top to bottom. Two types of single stroke letters: Vertical and inclined Inclined letters lean to the right, the slope being 75 with the horizontal. The size of a letter is described by its height.
Lettering Proportions
Characteristics Height of capitals Height of lower-case letters Spacing between characters Min. spacing of base lines Min. spacing between words Thickness of lines Ratio h h(14/1 4) c h(10/1 4) Dimensions (mm) 2.5 5.0 3.5 0.7 7.0 2.1 0.3 5 10 20 7 1. 4 14 2. 8
14 28 4. 2 0. 7 8. 4 1. 4
Engineering Drawing
End of Lines, Lettering and Dimensioning
- Dr. Ranadip K. Das Assistant Prof. MEMME Dept., ISM