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Experiment #1: Factors Affecting Reaction Rates

Garing, Pia Vianca Nikka Q. Tolentino, Chelsea Reyna

Introduction
Chemical reactions - reactants being converted into products rate of reaction - change of concentration of reactants or products over time (M/s) Collision Theory - a reaction is made when molecules collide

rate of reaction number of collisions/second


Transition State Theory

Introduction
Factors Affecting Reaction Rates: Nature of reactants Concentration Temperature Surface Area Presence of Catalyst

Objectives of the Experiment


To determine the effects of some factors on reaction rates To determine the rate law expression using the method of initial rates To evaluate the value of the activation energy of a reaction

A. Nature of the Reactants


Test Tube A
3mL water + Mg ribbon

Test Tube B
3mL water + piece of Na

Record observations.

B. Concentration of Reactants
Constant HCl Concentration

10mL beaker on top of white paper marked with X


0.15M Na2S2O3 (mL) 4 3 2 1
H2O(mL) 1 2 3 4 3M HCL (mL) 1 1 1 1

Record reaction time.

B. Concentration of Reactants
Constant Na2S2O3 Concentration

10mL beaker on top of white paper marked with X


0.15M Na2S2O3 (mL) 5 5 5 5 5
H2O(mL) 0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 3M HCL (mL) 2.5 2.0 1.5 1.0 0.5

Record reaction time.

C. Temperature
Test tube #1: 0.15M Na2S2O3 Test tube #2: 7.5mL H2O + 2mL 3M HCl

Water bath for about 5mins.


Measure and record temperature Mix reagents in 50mL beaker on top of white paper marked with X Time reaction (like in Part B) Repeated with 6C and 50C

D. Surface Area
Test tube #1: Strip of Mg Test tube #2: Pieces of Mg

Add 5mL 3M HCl solution Record observations

E. Catalyst
Test tube #1: Test tube #2:

H2O2 +Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate) Heat solutions gently. Record observations.

H2O2 +Rochelle salt (sodium potassium tartrate)+ CoCl2

Results and Discussion


Part A. Nature of reactants

Results and Discussion


Part B. Concentration of Reactants

Table 1. Constant HCl concentration

Table 2. Constant [Na2S2O3]

Collision Theory
- a reaction is made when molecules collide

rate of reaction number of collisions/second

increase in concentration
= increase in the number of molecules = increase in the number of collisions

Rate Law

rate= k[reactant 1]m[reactant 2]n . . .


k=rate constant

m and n = order of reaction

Results and Discussion


Part B. Concentration of Reactants
ln [Na2S2O3] -4 -3.5 -3 -2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 ln rate 0

Figure 1.Graphical Plot of ln [Na2S2O3] vs.ln rate

Slope = Order of the substance = 1.77 2

Results and Discussion


Part B. Concentration of Reactants
ln [HCl]
-2 -1.5 -1 -0.5

0
-0.5 0 -1 -1.5 -2 -2.5 -3 ln rate

-3.5
-4

Figure 2. Graphical plot of ln[HCl] vs. ln rate

Slope = 0.35 0
rate= k[Na2S2O3]2 [HCl]0

Results and Discussion


Part C. Temperature

Table 3. Effect temperature on the rate of reaction


0 -0.50.003 -1 -1.5 -2 -3 -3.5 -4 -4.5

1/T (in K)
0.0031 0.0032 0.0033 0.0034 0.0035 0.0036 0.0037

ln k

-2.5

Figure 3. Graphical plot 1/T vs. ln k

Results and Discussion


Part C. Temperature

A change in temperature also changes the rate of a reaction. The kinetic energy in the molecules increase as the temperature increases. Arrhenius equation Ea/RT) k= Ae^ (-

Results and Discussion


Part D. Surface Area

Strips of Mg ribbon ribbon

vs.

Uncut Mg

- both reacts with the 3M HCl

- relatively faster

- slower

*Collision theory

Results and Discussion


Part E. Catalyst

- a substance that speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy


Reactants H2O2 + Rochelle salt Visible result The mixture is clear at first but when heated, it formed bubbles and turned light yellow in color.

H2O2+ Rochelle salt + CoCl2

Reacted immediately upon the addition of CoCl2. Bubbles formed.

Conclusion
The rate of the reaction is affected by concentration, temperature, nature of reactants, catalyst and surface area The collision theory explains how the number of collisions in a reaction affects the rate. - increase in concentration= increase in number of molecules that can collide

Conclusion
- increase in temperature= increase in kinetic energy - increase in surface area= more molecules that can readily react A catalyst helps increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy

Recommendation
use other substances that can further prove the factors that affect the reaction rate Biggest problem: the precision of measurement of the substances used - watch these values (it can affect the result of the experiment)

References
Brown, T. L., LeMay, H. E., Bursten, B. E., & Murphy, C. (2009). Chemistry, the central science. (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall. Chang, R. (2005). Chemistry. (8th ed.). Singapore: McGraw Hill Inc.

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