Well Head Equipments

Used to provide support to strings. To provide seal between the strings. Control production from the well. Components of WHA
1. Christmas Tree:-A Christmas tree is the assembly of gate valves, chokes, and fittings that controls the flow of oil or gas during production. Tree design is based on the number of tubing strings used for completion, tubing bore size, maximum anticipated production pressure, trim requirements, and flow rates. The bottom connection of the tree matches the top connection of the tubing head adapter. The tree and adapter are usually made up and installed as a unit immediately after tubing is suspended.

The tree consists primarily of a series of gate valves and a production choke. Gate valves located between the tubing head adapter and the production tee are called master valves. Christmas trees always have at least one master valve; usually two are used.

Dual master valves allow the use of the top master valve for normal use, thus reducing wear on the lower master valve, which is the most difficult to replace. Replacement of the top master valve can be accomplished with relative ease by isolating the upper portion of the tree with the lower master valve. A gate valve called a crown valve or working valve is often placed above the production tee. This valve facilitates installation or dismantling of a lubricator without shutting in the well. A gate valve is almost always placed immediately off of the production tee. This valve, called a wing valve, can be used to shut off flow to the production facilities and still allow work down the tree or tubing. A tree cap is sometimes installed on top of each tree above the crown valve to provide quick access to the tubing bore for bottomhole testing, installing a backpressure valve, swabbing.

Casing head
The lowest part of the wellhead that is almost always connected to the surface casing string, and provides a means of suspending and packing off the next casing string. Providing attachment to the surface casing string through the type of bottom connection (Slip-on-weld, threaded, Sliploc), the casing head is typically qualified to withstand up to 10,000 psi working pressure. It suspends the casing and packs off the next casing string while providing annular outlets, as well as supporting the BOP while drilling the remaining stages

It is composed of casing hanger bowl to receive casing hanger necessary to support the next casing string, a top flange for attaching BOP and other casing head or tubing head and a lower connection. Most of the casing heads are equipped with two side outlets, so that pressure reading may be taken on annulus pressure and means provided to bleed off pressure or pump into the annulus, if necessary.

Casing Spools
Equipment responsible for hanging the next casing string. Each casing spool in the wellhead stackup hangs each casing sting after the casing head and before the tubing head. An additional function of the casing spool is to allow for testing BOPs while drilling, retaining the bowl protector, and pressuretesting casing seals through a test port.

Casing Hangers

Mechanism that locks into the casing head, responsible for hanging the casing pipe. Designed with a "Type H" seal ring as a feature, these manual casing hangers are designed to use the seal to provide an energized seal. These hangers fit standard wellheads and can be lowered through the BOP before or after the cement has been set.

Tubing Head

Equipment attached to the casing spool used to hang the tubing (smallest casing string) and seal the annulus between the tubing and casing. The top spool on a wellhead assembly contains the highest pressure in the wellhead, and contains a load shoulder to hang the tubing hanger and tubing string. When the well is completed, the tree is installed on top of the head with a tubing head adapter. Providing a means to support and test the BOPs while completing the well, the tubing head is a necessary component when drilling and completing a well.

Tubing Head Adapters

Equipment used to adapt the uppermost connection of the tubing head to the lowermost section of the tree. Providing a transition from the wellhead to the tree, the tubing head adapter is used for both single and multiple completions. Standard tubing head adapter product line consists of nine models, each designed to work with a set group of tubing heads and hangers. With threaded, flanged, or studdedtop connections, most adapters can be machined with a hydraulic supply inlet for downhole control lines. It can provides a connection between tubing head and Christmas tree. The bottom flange of the adapter matches the tubing head, and the top flange of the adapter matches the X-MAS tree. Tubing head adapters are available for all types of single and multi-string completions.