Stelth

Reference Electrodes

Old Technology
Copper Lead Wire

Epoxy seal PVC plastic tube

Pure Copper Rod

Saturated CuSO4 Solution or gelatin

Wooden Plug

Problem...

Making Contact with the Soil

Solution

Add 18-24
lbs. of

Plaster

plaster

New PROBLEM . . . . .
Plaster is

Hygroscopic!!!
Dehydration of CuSO4 Solution

Dehydration of CuSO4 Solution

plaster

CuSO4 Solution goes into plaster

More Dehydration

plaster

Reference Electrode is dying

More CuSO4 Solution goes into plaster

More Dehydration More Problems

plaster

Reference Electrode is dying

Opened circuit from shrinking

Hardened plaster

Another Problem . . . . . .

Cannot TEST

The REFERENCE ELECTRODE in Plaster

Another Problem . . . . . .

Plaster is Hygroscopic therefore

NO SHELF LIFE

Old Technology

plaster

Dead Cell !

Hard plaster

Still Another PROBLEM

Installation Costs!

ACTIVATION TIME
ACTIVATION takes 2 to 6 hours.

Design Flaws of Old Technology

No shelf life, generally one month!

No protection against chloride attack!

No protection against H2S attack! Casting Plaster is Hygroscopic! High Installation Costs! Cannot be frozen! No winter installations! Copper Sulfate Chemistry in liquid or gelatin form leaches into the environment - Always!!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Solves these Problems

and Adds NEW Features . . . . .

New Stelth Technology, Specification . . .

Indefinite Shelf Life!

Chloride & Chlorine Ion Trappers!

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Ion Trappers!

Moisture Retention Membranes!

Expanded Sensing Area!

Weight Reduction (miniaturization)

30 year guaranteed life!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Uses Medical Grade Ceramic for Sensing Area

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Ceramic Sensing Area 36 Times Larger

Reduces IR Drop from cell to structure! Reduces IR Drop by lowering internal resistance of electrode!

Greater sensitivity in High-Resistance and Dry Soils

Highest Quality - Used in hospitals & space craft to filter water! Same material used to grind steel tools! Very Tough!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Impregnated with Ion Trappers

Traps Chloride & Chlorine Ions

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Military Grade Epoxy for Sealing

Used in sea water installations by the US Navy! Will not degrade in seawater or fresh water!

Military Grade Epoxy for Sealing

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Highest Purity Chemistry

Highest quality CuSO4 (laboratory grade) Completely Solid State chemistry Highly Conductive Blended with an H2S Ion Trapping carrier

New Stelth Technology

Solid State chemistry

Choices
A 30 year reservoir of Copper Sulfate

OR
Water A 2 year reservoir of Copper Sulfate

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

99.99% Pure Copper Sensing Element

Highest quality Copper, non-oxygenated!

Treated to expand the surface area by a factor of 8!

Vapor-phased decontaminated! Clean room bathed, de-tarnished & assembled!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Treated to expand to 8 times normal surface area

99.99% Pure Copper Sensing Element

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Water & Chemical Proof Connection

Triple Lead Wire Seal! Wire is RHH-RHW and is UL approved! Wire is flame proof! Wire is a low-density & cross-linked polymer! Which allows cuts to be repaired in the field! Wire is flexible in sub-zero weather!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

The Finished Concept! Stelth

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) Indicators

Stelth

Stelth
Reference Electrode

Choices
33 square inches
of Sensing Area

OR

1 to 2 square inches of sensing area

This Choice
Is Why
This technology Gives Unparallel Performance in

Desert Dry Soils

and

Flood Zones
Over this choice

Using Todays Technology

Stelth Stelth

We can produce a reference electrode that has absorbed and applied all available technologies discovered since 1922 ..

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Stelth Reference Electrodes

All Stelth Reference Electrodes are Tested to the Highest Standards in an ISO-9000 Certified Facility
Continuity of wire!
Continuity of wire insulation! Resistance of lead wire and sensing element connection (has to be a dead short)! Internal resistance of reference electrode! Calibration of Reference Electrodes are done at the final state of assembly at 25 Celsius! Final test is for response time from activation to stable reading without Hysteresis!

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Each unit has a Serial Number and Comes with Certified Test Certificate

New Stelth Technology . . . . .

Tested and Serial Number applied

And Remember!

Installation Time.
Lets Compare...

Old Technology Installation Procedure

Pipe

1 2 3 4 5

Old Technology Installation Procedure

Pipe

1 2 3 4 5 6 hours

Installation Procedure for the Stelth Reference Electrode

Pipe

1 hour

What is the latest Technology in the world of Corrosion Today?

Stelth 7 IR Free Probes . . . . .

Stelth 7 IR Free Probes . . . . .

1 cm2

5+5 cm2

10 cm2

Stelth 7 IR Free Probes . . . .

10+10 cm2 50+50 cm2

100 cm2

Stelth 7 Rocket IR Free Probes . . . .

Developed with the cooperation of European Governments by the largest Gas Distribution & Pipeline Company in Europe . . .

Ruhr Gas
and is now a DIN Standard

EC/DIN-50925 IR Free Probe

EC/DIN-50925 IR Free Probe

Reads Average potential of pipeline!
Reads Current Required to protect Worst Holiday! Compatible Remote Monitoring & Control Systems! Reads the ON & OFF Potentials of the Worst Condition on your pipeline!

EC/DIN-50925 IR Free Probe

Eliminates expensive interrupters & the difficult task of synchronizing them. Allows you to take IR Free Off Potential readings on High Amperage Rectifiers without interrupting or turning rectifier off. IR Free On & Off Potential readings can taken with total disregard for outside influences such as: Other Pipelines, Your Own Rectifier, Subways, Electrical Trains, Electrical Transmission Lines, Anode Beds, et cetera.

This is the . . . .

PROBLEM . .

-.85

Telecom
-.85

Trains

Gas
-.85

Water
-.85

-.85

Electric

BAD READING BAD READING BAD READING BAD READING BAD READING
-.43 Telecom

-.71

Trains

Gas

Water

-.48

-.81

Electric

-.61

The Solution

The Stelth

7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

The Stelth

7 IR Free Probe

Ignores all other systems, Electric, Water, Cable, Trains, Oil Lines, et cetera.

This is the way..

Consolidated Edison in New York City

&

City of San Diego in California

Now see their systems.

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

-.85
Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

EC/DIN-50925 IR Free Probe

Specification for development of the Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

Read the WORST potential in a 50 meter pipe section!

Read the average potential! Read current density!

Read IR Free On & Off potentials!

Be able to SEE the 100 mV shift!

164 (50m)

10 ohms

30 ohms

100 ohms

164 (50m)

5 0 10

10 ohms

IR Free ON Potential Reading

30 ohms

100 ohms

164 (50m)

5 0 10

10 ohms

IR Free OFF Potential Reading

while viewing the

30 ohms

100 ohms

100 mV
shift

164 (50m)

100 mV Criterion
-.85 -.80 -.75 -.70 mV -.65

-.60
-.55 -.50 Shift is 125 mV

-.45
0 1 3 4 5

Seconds

Intermission

Stelth

Reference Electrodes

The Stelth 7 IR Free Probe

Installation . . . .
is Simple . . . .

Stelth 7 Rocket IR Free Probe

Installation Site

Government Authorization to dig

Installation Site
Old Test Point To be removed

Pipeline Marker

36 Pipeline buried 1.75m deep

6 hole drilled to 2.5 meters

Stelth 7 Rocket Hole Placement

1.75 meters 2.25 meters

36 Pipe

Spring Line (Horizontal Centerline)

.37 meters

Presoaking Stelth 7 Rocket for 20 seconds

Presoaking Stelth 7 Rocket for 20 seconds

Insertion of Stelth 7 Rocket

pipeline wire

Stelth 7 wire

pipeline wire splice box

Stelth 7 wire

pipeline wire

pipeline wire

Stelth 7 wire

pipeline wire

splice wire

Stelth 7 wire

pipeline wire

splice wire

splice

Test point conduit

Installing

Bullet Box Old test point

Interrupter & Test Station

Coupons IR Drop
(connected to pipeline) Future connection for

Reference Cell Coupons IR Free

(dead lead)

Comanche Dart

Pipeline

Testing that Stelth 7 is activated

Disconnect pipeline Connection for 60 days

Recording Date of Installation

Sending 12 months of data to the DART Interrogator

350 meters down the mountain!

All

Reference Electrode Designs

manufactured...
are affected by conditions that will alter the performance or destroy your reference electrode Here are a several Causes of Malfunction and Failure!!!

Take the Plastic Bag OFF before installation!

pH..
Can KILL reference electrodes

Acidity <4
Alkalinity >9

The Reference Electrode is not an Anode!

Dont Connect it like an Anode!

S h u n t

Temperature..
Can alter the accuracy & completely shut down a reference electrodes
Upper Limit = 176 F (80 C)

Lower limit = -10 F (-23 C)

Environment..
Can determine the accuracy of any reference electrodes Copper-Copper Sulfate Cu-CuSO4
or

Zinc-Zinc Sulfate Zn-ZnSO4

MUST be in a non-chloride environment

Either in Soil or Water

WHY..
Because the chlorides alter the chemistry of the copper sulfate and prevent the necessary ion exchange between the copper sensing element and the environment

Chlorides..
Kill more reference electrodes than any other single influence

1000 PPM (parts per million)

will KILL any reference electrode

NOW..
Silver-Silver Chloride Ag-AgCI is a different story.

To achieve a proper ion exchange You need between 10,000 and 27,000 ppm of chlorides with 19,000 ppm being ideal, which is seawater

Reference Electrode Wire must have its Own Conduit Return!

S h u n t

Induced AC Current

Do not run Anode wires & Reference Electrode wires together in the same conduit!

S h u n t

Hydrogen Sulfide
H2S will kill any reference electrodes!

100 PPM (parts per million)

is the maximum level that a reference electrode can tolerate!

Do Not Locate Reference Electrodes Near Any Anodes, Impressed Current or Sacrificial!

S h u n t

Do Not use the Negative Return from the Pipeline to the Rectifier for the Reference Electrode Return Wire!

S h u n t

To Anodes From Structure Negative Return

Do not locate under Electrical Transmission Lines!

S h u n t

Induced AC Current

Hydrocarbons.
any amount will destroy a reference electrode!

Zero PPM (parts per million)

is the maximum level that a reference electrode can tolerate!

The End

Stelth

Reference Electrodes