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The Changing Facets of Wind Energy

A SEMINAR BY

K Bhanu Pratap
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Prof P S Bhambare

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ARMY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY DIGHI HILLS, PUNE-411015 2004-2005

WIND
The air at motion is what we call Wind
Which in turn is effected by many factors like:
Global Geography Local Geography Man-made Structures

the influence of

Global Geography

Permanent Wind Belts

the influence of

Local Geography

Localities Near Water Bodies

Hilly Terrain

Peaks and Valleys

The Windiest Sites

the influence of

Man-made Structures

Surface Roughness
Surface Roughness introduces turbulence in winds and

effect their
pattern

Man-made Structures

The Vision
The energy stored in winds promised to serve the needs of the civilization
Which led to the development of the earliest of the machines, which date back to 2000 B C Step by step the human race had reached the present stage of development

The Wind Machines

The Wind Machines


During the stages of their Metamorphosis a variety of machines evolved These were classified as
Horizontal Axis Machines Vertical Axis Machines

These could be further classified as


Drag type Lift Type

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

HAWTS

Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines

Drag Type

Lift Type

Component Layout ...the white box view

Component Layout
...the black box view

Mechanisms and Working

Yaw Control Mechanism : Gear System

Pitch Control Mechanism

Flat Rating Curve

Forces Acting on Rotor

Flow Pattern

Off-Shore Wind Farms

Increasing Rotor Sizes

Limitations
limited suitable terrain off-shore installations hazardous for navigation large blades are cantilever loaded extensive foundations required for each turbine five megawatt turbines: the limiting possibility blades are subject to 1/rev fluctuations in loading

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

VAWTS

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Drag Type

Anemometer

Savonius Rotor

Vertical Axis Wind Turbines

Lift Type

Spiral Formed Type


(windside model)

Darrieus Rotor

Evans Rotor

Giromill

VAWTs for Giga-Watt Power


Under Consideration
one-gigawatt power generating station comprising identical ten-megawatt vertical-axis wind turbines

The Bright Future Ahead


the blade-sections pass through a relatively uniform wind-velocity subject to minimum fatigue loading. the blades are catenary loaded blades are neither twisted nor subjected to oscillating loads permitting employment of simple composite fabrication techniques

RETScreen

TM

WIND FARM DESIGN


Factors System Characteristics System Losses Annual Energy Production Cost Analysis - Wind Energy Project Feasibility Study Socio-Economic Factors Engineering Renewable Energy (RE) Equipment Balance of Plant Annual Costs

Pros and Cons

Avian Mortality

Visual Impacts Noise


Shadow Flicker Interference with Radio Signals

Promising a Better Future

Queries Thank ? You

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