AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM

Organization of The Nervous System

Peripheral Nervous System Central Nervous System

Autonomic Nervous System

Somatic Nervous System

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

Somatic

Autonomic

Organ supplied
Distal most synapse Nerve fibers Efferent transmitter Effect of nerve section on organ supplied

Skeletal muscles
Within CNS myelinated Ach Paralysis and atrophy

All other organs

Outside CNS both Ach, NA Activity maintained

Autonomic Nervous System

Can be divided into: Sympathetic Nervous System Fight or Flight Parasympathetic Nervous System Rest and Digest

Anatomy of ANS
Division Sympathetic Origin of Fibers Length of Fibers Location of Ganglia Close to the spinal cord

Thoraco lumbar Short region of the preganglionic spinal cord and long postganglionic

Parasympathetic Brain and sacral Long spinal cord preganglionic and short postganglionic

In the visceral effector organs

Parasympathetic nervous system

Fibers emerge from III,VII,IX, & X cranial nerves as well as S2-S4

craniosacral division

Parasympathetic Division Outflow

Cranial Outflow Cranial Nerve Occulomotor (III) Ganglion Ciliary Effector Organ(s) Eye (constriction of pupils & bulging of lens for close vision) Submadibular & sublingual salivary glands, nasal, and lacrimal glands Parotid glands

Facial (VII)

Pterygopalatine Submandibular

Glossopharyngeal (IX) Vagus (X)

Otic Located within the walls of target organs (Intramural)

Located within the walls of the target organs (Intramural)

Sacral Outflow

S2-S4 lateral horns

Heart, lungs, bronchi, aorta, liver, gall bladder, stomach, small intestine., proximal of large intestine Large intestine, urinary bladder, ureters, and reproductive organs

Parasympathetic nervous system

SLUDGE
Salivation, Lacrimation, Urination, Digestion, gastrointestinal cramps, emesis Most active in non-stressful situations
Concerned with keeping body energy use low

Sympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic division is the fight-or-flight system Involves E activities exercise, excitement,

emergency, and embarrassment

Non-essential activities are dampened (GI/urinary) Promotes adjustments during exercise blood flow to organs is reduced, flow to muscles is increased

Neurotransmitters and Receptors

Acetylcholine (ACh) and norepinephrine (NE) are the two major neurotransmitters of the ANS ACh is released by all preganglionic axons and all parasympathetic postganglionic axons Cholinergic fibers ACh-releasing fibers Adrenergic fibers sympathetic postganglionic axons that release NE Neurotransmitter effects can be excitatory or inhibitory depending upon the receptor type

Site of action of Ach

All preganglionic fibers of ANS The postganglionic parasympathetic nerve endings Some of sympathetic postganglionic nerve endings Somatic motor nerve ending Nerve ending supplying adrenal medulla

ADRENERGIC SYSTEM

Adrenergic receptors
receptor receptor

Receptor

Location

Second messenger IP3 /DAG

1 2

Smooth muscles, salivary glands, liver cells Presynaptic; Postsynaptic in brain, beta pancreatic cells, vascular smooth muscles Cardiac muscles, juxta glomarular apparatus; presynaptic Bronchi, uterus and smooth muscles Adipocytes

cAMP

1 2 3

cAMP

cAMP cAMP

Functions of Adrenergics

Classification of Adrenergics/Sympathomimetics
Direct-acting Adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine
Indirect-acting Amphetamine Mixed-acting Ephedrine