ANTI-LOCK BRAKE SYSTEM

AJAY SINGH 10/FET/EE(L)/2001 6TH SEM, EEE, 2ND SHIFT

Presentation Outline

Introduction (ABS) History of ABS Theory ABS Components Type of ABS Disadvantages

INTRODUCTION

An anti-lock braking system (ABS) is a safety system on motor vehicles which prevents the wheels from locking while braking. The Anti-lock Braking System is designed to maintain vehicle control, directional stability and optimum deceleration under severe braking conditions on most road surfaces It does so by monitoring the rotational speed of each wheel and controlling the brake line pressure to each wheel during braking. This prevents the wheels from locking up. A rotating road wheel allows the driver to maintain steering control under heavy braking

HISTORY

1929 Anti-lock braking systems were first developed for aircraft.

1975 Ford also introduced ABS

1978 Bosch and Mercedes-Benz introduced the first completely electronic 4-wheel multi-channel ABS system. 1988 BMW became the world's first motorcycle with ABS 1997 Suzuki launched its GSF1200SA (Bandit) with ABS Today ABS has become a standard equipment even for small cars

IMPORTANCE

THEORY
When the car brakes (normally ) wheels exert a forward force

on the street which less than maximum static sliding friction

If the driver brakes very hard it can occur that the maximum static friction is surpassed and the wheels lose their grip and begin sliding
The amount of traction which can be obtained for an auto tire is determined by the coefficient of static friction between the tire and the road. If the wheel is locked and sliding, the force of friction is determined by the coefficient of kinetic friction A tire that is just on the verge of slipping produces more friction with respect to the road than one which is locked and skidding . So locked wheels are less effective in stopping on a road

Physics 101: Static Friction is Greater than Moving Friction ABS IS Computer Controlled Brake Pedal Pumping ABS Allows the Driver To Maintain Control During Hard Braking

With out ABS

With ABS

ABS COMPONENTS
Typical ABS Components: Wheel Speed Sensors (up to 4) Electronic Control Unit (ECU) Hydraulic Modulator

Pump and Valves

Wheel Speed Sensor

The wheel speed sensor pickup has a magnetic core surrounded by coil consist of a magnetic pickup and a toothed sensor ring.

ABS Module
The ABS control module is a microprocessor and uses input from its sensors to regulate hydraulic pressure during braking to prevent wheel lockup

Hydraulic Motor
The hydraulic modulator or actuator unit contains the ABS solenoid valves for each brake circuit

Pump Motor and Accumulator

A high pressure electric pump is used in some ABS systems to generate power assist for normal braking as well as the reapplication of brake pressure during ABS braking The fluid pressure that is generated by the pump is stored in the "accumulator."
The accumulator on ABS systems where the hydraulic modulator is part of the master cylinder assembly consists of a pressure storage chamber filled with nitrogen gas.

Types of ABS Systems

By the number of channels Four-channel, four-sensor
Three-channel, three-sensor ABS one channel one sensor

Disadvantages
Increased braking distances under some limited circumstances (snow, gravel, "soft" surfaces),

Creation of a "false sense of security" among drivers who do not understand the operation, and limitations of ABS.

The anti-lock brakes are more sensitive on the damper condition. The influence of the worn components on the performance of the vehicle with anti-lock brakes is more significant than without anti-lock brakes, the stopping distance with defective shocks is by meters longer for the presented simulation scenario