Ashish Kumar Aniket Deo (T.

Y Mechanical)

 It is a kind of

Safety System. An ABS generally offers improved vehicle control and decreases stopping distances on dry and slippery surfaces for many drivers. on loose surfaces like gravel or snow-covered pavement, an ABS can significantly increase braking distance, thus improving vehicle control.

HISTORY
The ABS was first developed for aircraft use in 1929 by

the French automobile and aircraft pioneer, Gabriel Voisin. These systems uses a flywheel and valve attached to a hydraulic line that feeds the brake cylinders. The flywheel is attached to a drum that runs at the same speed as the wheel. In normal braking, the drum and flywheel should spin at the same speed. However, if a wheel were to slow down, then the drum would do the same, leaving the flywheel spinning at a faster rate.

CONTINUING
This causes the valve to open, allowing a small amount

of brake fluid to bypass the master cylinder into a local reservoir, lowering the pressure on the cylinder and releasing the brakes.

COMPONENTS
There are four main components in an ABS:
1. SPEED SENSORS

The anti-lock braking system needs some way of knowing when a wheel is about to lock up. The speed sensors, which are located at each wheel, or in some cases in the differential, provide this information.

2. VALVES
There is a valve in the brake line of each brake

controlled by the ABS. On some systems, the valve has three positions. In position one, the valve is open; pressure from the master cylinder is passed right through to the brake. In position two, the valve blocks the line, isolating that brake from the master cylinder. This prevents the pressure from rising further should the driver push the brake pedal harder. In position three, the valve releases some of the pressure from the brake.

3. PUMP
Since the valve is able to release pressure from the

brakes, there has to be some way to put that pressure back. That is what the pump does; when a valve reduces the pressure in a line, the pump is there to get the pressure back up.

4. CONTROLLER
The controller is an ECU type unit in the car which

receives information from each individual wheel speed sensor, in turn if a wheel loses traction the signal is sent to the controller, the controller will then limit the brake force (EBD) and activate the ABS modulator which actuates the braking valves on and off.

BASIC WORKING

 ABS is used to maintain directional stability, vehicle

control and deceleration Speed sensors are present in all the four wheels to monitor the rotation speed. ECU constantly controls the speed sensors and respond according to the signals given by speed sensors. Valves work according to the signal provided by the ECU. If the wheel rotation is fast, speed sensors sends a signal to the ECU which to monitor the speed commands the valve for the inflow of oil to increase the pressure.

 In case if the wheel rotation is slow,the speed sensors

sends the signal accordingly and the ECU commands the valve to cut the flow of oil in the brakes decreasing the pressure. If there is any fault in the ABS unit, a warning light will glow in the instrument panel.

ADVANTAGES
Improves vehicle stability Rapid deceleration is efficient Improves cornering of wheels Avoids skidding of wheels,

DISADVANTAGES
Costly as compared to

hence increases tires life. Insures vehicle safety

conventional braking systems. Braking is inefficient when the ignition is switched off.

THANK YOU