Systems Analysis & Design

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

7th Edition

MTD 2023 / MTD 3043

SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

Systems Analysis & Design

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

7th Edition

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEMS ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Objectives
Discuss the impact of information technology on business strategy and success Define an information system and describe its components Explain how the Internet has affected business strategies and relationships

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Objectives
Explain modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools Distinguish between structured analysis and object-oriented analysis

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Introduction
Companies use information as a weapon in the battle to increase productivity, deliver quality products and services, maintain customer loyalty, and make sound decisions. Information technology can mean the difference between success and failure

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Impact of Information Technology

Information Technology
Combination of hardware and software products and services that companies use to manage, access, communicate, and share information A vital asset that must be used effectively, updated constantly, and safeguarded carefully

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Impact of Information Technology

The Role of Systems Analysis and Design
Systems Analysis and Design
Step-by-step process for developing high-quality information systems

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Impact of Information Technology

Systems analysis process of understanding in detail what a system should accomplish Systems design process of specifying in detail how components of an information system should be physically implemented Systems analyst uses analysis and design techniques to solve business problems using information technologyPlan, develop, and maintain IS

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Impact of Information Technology

Who develops Information Systems?
In-house applications Software packages Internet-based application services Outsourcing Custom solutions Enterprise-wide software strategies How versus What FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Components

A system is a set of related components that produces specific results A Mission-critical system is one that is vital to a companys operations Data consists of basic facts that are the systems raw material

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Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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Information System Components

Information is data that has been transformed into output that is valuable to users Information systems have five key components: hardware, software, data, processes, and people

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Components

Hardware
Is the physical layer of the information system

Software
System software Application software Enterprise applications Horizontal system Vertical system Legacy systems

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Components

Data
Is the raw material that an information system transforms into useful information

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Components

Processes
Define the tasks and business functions that users, managers, and IT staff members perform to achieve specific results

People
Users, or end users, are the people who interact with an information system, both inside and outside the company

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Impact of the Internet

E-Commerce or I-Commerce B2C (Business-to-Consumer) B2B (Business-to-Business)
EDI Extensible markup language (XML) Supplier relationship management (SRM)

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Impact of the Internet

Web-Based System Development
WebSphere .NET Web services

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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How Business Uses Information Systems

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In past, IT managers divided systems into categories based on the user group the system served
Office systems Operational systems Decision support systems Executive information systems

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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How Business Uses Information Systems

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Today, it makes more sense to identify a system by its functions, rather than by users
Enterprise computing systems Transaction processing systems Business support systems Knowledge management systems User productivity systems

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

How Business Uses Information Systems

Enterprise computing systems
Support company-wide operations and data management requirements Enterprise resource planning (ERP)

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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How Business Uses Information Systems

Transaction processing systems

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Efficient because they process a set of transactionrelated commands as a group rather than individually

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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How Business Uses Information Systems

Business support systems

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Provide job-related information to users at all levels of a company Management information systems (MIS) Radio frequency identification (RFID) What-if

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

21

How Business Uses Information Systems

Knowledge management systems
Called expert systems Simulate human reasoning by combining a knowledge base and inference rules Many use fuzzy logic

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

22

How Business Uses Information Systems

User productivity systems
Technology that improves productivity Groupware

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information systems integration

Most large companies require systems that combine transaction processing, business support, knowledge management, and user productivity features

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Users and Their Needs

A systems analyst must understand the companys organizational model in order to recognize who is responsible for specific processes and decisions and to be aware of what information is required by whom.

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Information System Users and Their Needs

Top managers
Strategic plans

Middle Managers and Knowledge Workers Supervisors and Team Leaders Operational Employees
Empowerment

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

25

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Systems analysts must know how to use a variety of techniques such as modeling, prototyping, and computer-aided systems engineering tools to plan, design, and implement information systems. Systems analysts work with these tools in a team environment

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

26

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Modeling
Business model Requirements model Data model Object model Network model Process model

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Prototyping
Prototype Speeds up the development process significantly Important decisions might be made too early, before business or IT issues are thoroughly understood Can be an extremely valuable tool

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

28

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Tools and Techniques

Computer-Aided Systems Engineering (CASE) Tools
Also called computer-aided software engineering CASE tools

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

29

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Methods

The most popular alternatives are structured analysis, which is a traditional method that still is widely used, and object-oriented analysis (O-O), which is a newer approach that many analysts prefer The important thing is for a systems analyst to understand the various methods and the strengths and weaknesses of each approach
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

30

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Methods

Structured Analysis
Systems development life cycle (SDLC) Predictive approach Uses a set of process models to describe a system graphically Process-centered technique

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

31

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Methods

Object-oriented Analysis
O-O analysis combines data & processes into objects Object is a member of a class Objects possess properties Methods change an objects properties A message requests specific behavior or information from another object FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

32

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Systems Development Guidelines

Stick to a plan Involve the users throughout the development process Listening is very important Use project management tools to identify tasks and milestones Remain flexible Develop accurate cost and benefit information
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

33

Information Technology Department

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The information technology (IT) department develops and maintains a companys information systems. The IT group provides technical support

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

34

Information Technology Department

Application Development

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Team may include users, managers and IT Staff members

Systems Support and Security

Deployment team

User Support
Help desk or information center (IC)

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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Information Technology Department

Database Administration

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Database design, management, security, backup, and user access

Network Administration
Includes hardware and software maintenance, support, and security

Web Support
Webmasters

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

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Information Technology Department

Quality Assurance (QA)

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Reviews and tests all applications and systems changes to verify specifications and software quality standards Is a separate unit that reports directly to IT management

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

37

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst Position

A systems analyst investigates, analyzes, designs, develops, installs, evaluates, and maintains a companys information systems On large projects, the analyst works as a member of an IT department team Smaller companies often use consultants to perform the work
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

38

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst Position

Responsibilities
Translate business requirements into practical IT projects to meet needs

Required Skills and Background

Solid communication skills and analytic ability

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

39

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

The Systems Analyst Position

Certification
Professional credential

Career Opportunities
Job titles Company organization Company size Corporate culture Salary, location, and future growth

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

40

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
IT is a combination of hardware, software, and telecommunications systems that support business The essential components of an information system are hardware, software, data, processes, and people Companies are production oriented, service oriented, or a combination of the two
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

41

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
Based on their function and features, information systems are identified as enterprise computing systems, transactional processing or operational systems, business support systems, knowledge management systems, or user productivity systems Organization structure usually includes levels. Each level has different responsibilities and information needs
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

42

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
Systems analyst use modeling, prototyping, and CASE tools. Modeling produces a graphical representation of the process, prototyping involves creation of an early working model, and CASE tools assist in various systems development tasks Various development methodologies exist, including structured analysis and objectoriented analysis
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

43

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

Chapter Summary
Regardless of the development model, it is important to use project management tools necessary to manage people, tasks, timetables, and expenses An IT department develops, maintains and operates a companys information systems Systems analysts need a combination of technical and business knowledge, analytical ability, and communication
FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

44

Systems Analysis & Design

http://fskik.upsi.edu.my

7th Edition

THANK YOU

FSKIK
Faculty of Art, Computer and Creative Industry

UNIVERSITI PENDIDIKAN SULTAN IDRIS MALAYSIA

45