Chapter 1

Introduction to Entrepreneurship
Bruce R. Barringer R. Duane Ireland

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Chapter Objectives
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1.Explain entrepreneurship and discuss its importance. 2.Describe corporate entrepreneurship and its use in established firms. 3.Discuss three main reasons people decide to become entrepreneurs. 4.Identify four main characteristics of successful entrepreneurs. 5.Explain five common myths regarding entrepreneurship.
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Chapter Objectives
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1.Explain how entrepreneurial firms differ from salary-substitute and lifestyle firms. 2.Discuss the changing demographics of entrepreneurs in the United States. 3.Discuss the impact of entrepreneurial firms on economies and societies. 4.Identify ways in which large firms benefit from the presence of smaller entrepreneurial firms. 5.Explain the entrepreneurial process.

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Introduction to Entrepreneurship

There is tremendous interest in entrepreneurship in the U.S. and around the world.

According to the 2007 GEM study, 9.6% of Americans are actively engaged in starting a business or are the owner/manager of a business that is less than three years old.

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Entrepreneurial Revolution
We are in the midst of a silent revolution a triump of the
creative and entrepreneurial spirit of humankind throughout the world.
I believe its impact on the 21st century will equal or exceed that of the Industrial Revolution on the 19th and 20th.

Jeffry A. Timmons The Entrepreneurial Mind, 1989

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Entrepreneurial Revolution
> 7 Million American Millionaires are self-made entrepreneur. The poor become rich due to entrepreneurial process. Building entrepreneurial community is the priority of the new E-Generation. Secret weapon of the American economy !
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Mega Entrepreneurs/Founders
Arthur M. Blank The Home Depot, Inc. Ely R. Callaway Callaway Golf Richard Branson Virgin Group of Comp. Paul Fireman Reebok Anita Roddick The Body Shop Frederik W. Smith Federal Express Phil Knight Nike Akio Morita - Sony Liz Claiborne ? Walt Disney - ?

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Mega Entrepreneurs/Founders
Jeff Bezos Amazon.Com Sergey Brin & Larry Page- Google Kenneth H. Olsen Digital Equipment Corp Bill Gates & Paul Allen - Microsoft Larry Ellison - Oracle Steve Jobs & Steve Wozniak - Apple Computer Mitch Kapor - Lotus Dev Corp Michael Dell - Dell Computer Marc Andressen Netscape Mark Zuckerberg - Facebook Heinz Nixdorf Nixdorf Computer AG
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Entrepreneurial Impact Old & New Companies

Sales Workers Capital (2000) (2000) (2001) $Billion Thousands $Bilion

General Motors 185 386 34 Ford 163 365 45 Crysler 151 464 43 Total 499 1215 122 Intel 29 67 179 Microsoft 22 31 362 Cisco 15 21 121 Total 66 119 662

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Indications of Increased Interest in Entrepreneurship

Books & Magazines
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Amazon.com lists over 45,000 books dealing with entrepreneurship and 118,000 focused on small business.

College Courses
In 1985, there were about 250 entrepreneurship courses offered across all colleges in the United States. o Today, more than 5,000 entrepreneurship courses are offered in two-year and four-year colleges and universities in the United States.
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National Commision on Entrepreneurship

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Ernst & Young Award & PECIPTA & Enterprise 50

3.5 Million of100 Million Americans are Millionaires
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What is Entrepreneurship? The word entrepreneur derives from the French words entre, meaning between, and prendre, meaning to take. The word was originally used to describe people who take on the risk between buyers and sellers or who undertake a task such as starting a new venture.
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What is Entrepreneurship?
Academic Definition (Stevenson & Jarillo)
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Entrepreneurship is the process by which individuals pursue opportunities without regard to resources they currently control. Entrepreneurship is the art of turning an idea into a business. Entrepreneurs assemble and then integrate all the resources needed the money, the people, the business model, the strategyneeded to transform an invention or an idea into a viable business.
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Venture Capitalist (Fred Wilson)

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Explanation of What Entrepreneurs Do

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Corporate Entrepreneurship
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Corporate Entrepreneurship
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Is the conceptualization of entrepreneurship at the firm level. All firms fall along a conceptual continuum that ranges from highly conservative to highly entrepreneurial. The position of a firm on this continuum is referred to as its entrepreneurial intensity.

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Corporate Entrepreneurship
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Entrepreneurial Firms
Proactive Innovative Risk taking

Conservative Firms
Take a more wait and see posture Less innovative Risk adverse

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Why Become an Entrepreneur?

The three primary reasons that people become entrepreneurs and start their own firms Desire to be their own boss

Desire to pursue their own ideas

Financial rewards

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Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

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Four Primary Characteristics

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Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

Passion for the Business
The number one characteristic shared by successful entrepreneurs is a passion for the business. o This passion typically stems from the entrepreneurs belief that the business will positively influence peoples lives. The most important thing about starting a business is to be passionate about what you do. I think it is very difficult to enter a business you dont understand and have passion for - Oleg Tschltzoff, Fotolia, NY.
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The key is to have passion and never give up. This is imperative because it creates a drive to solve business problems - Peter Flint, Trulia.Com
Do what youve passionate about. In the startup world, if youre bored, you might as well be dead - Chris Shaw, ProtechMy Photos
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Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

Product/Customer Focus
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A second defining characteristic of successful entrepreneurs is a product/customer focus. An entrepreneurs keen focus on products and customers typically stems from the fact that most entrepreneurs are, at heart, craftspeople.

The computer is the most remarkable tool weve ever built

.. but the most important thing is to get them in the hands as many people as possible. - Steven Jobs good products with the capability to satisfy customers.

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Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

Tenacity/Determined Despite Failure
Because entrepreneurs are typically trying something new, the failure rate is naturally high. The litmus test for entrepreneurs is their ability to persevere through setbacks and failures.

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Characteristics of Successful Entrepreneurs

Execution Intelligence
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The ability to fashion a solid business idea into a viable business is a key characteristic of successful entrepreneurs.

In many cases, Execution Intelligence is the factor that det. whether a start-up is successful or fails. o The ability to exec a business idea means developing a business model, putting tog a new venture team, raising money, establishing partnerships, managing finances, leading & motivating employees etc.
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To open a business is very easy, to keep it open is very

difficult. - Chinese saying Ideas are easy. Its execution that s hard. - Jeff Bezos, Amazon.com
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Common Myths About Entrepreneurs

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Myth 1: Entrepreneurs Are Born Not Made

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This myth is based on the mistaken belief that some people are genetically predisposed to be entrepreneurs. The consensus of many studies is that no one is born to be an entrepreneur; everyone has the potential to become one. Whether someone does or doesnt become an entrepreneur, is a function of the environment, life experiences, and personal choices.
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Common Myths About Entrepreneurs

2 of 5 Although no one is born to be an entrepreneur, there are common traits and characteristics of successful entrepreneurs Achievement motivated Alert to opportunities Creative Decisive Energetic Has a strong work ethic Is a moderate risk taker Is a networker Lengthy attention span Optimistic disposition Persuasive Promoter Resource assembler/leverager Self-confident Self-starter Tenacious Tolerant of ambiguity Visionary

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Common Myths About Entrepreneurs

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Myth 2: Entrepreneurs Are Gamblers

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Most entrepreneurs are moderate risk takers. The idea that entrepreneurs are gamblers originates from two sources:
Entrepreneurs typically have jobs that are less structured, and so they face a more uncertain set of possibilities than people in traditional jobs. Many entrepreneurs have a strong need to achieve and set challenging goals, a behavior that is often equated with risk taking.

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Common Myths About Entrepreneurs

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Myth 3: Entrepreneurs Are Motivated Primarily by Money.

While it is nave to think that entrepreneurs dont seek financial rewards, money is rarely the reason entrepreneurs start new firms. o In fact, some entrepreneurs warn that the pursuit of money can be distracting.
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Common Myths About Entrepreneurs

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Myth 4: Entrepreneurs Should Be Young and Energetic.

The most active age for business ownership is 35 to 45 years old. o While it is important to be energetic, investors often cite the strength of the entrepreneur as their most important criteria in making investment decisions.
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What makes an entrepreneur strong in the eyes of an investor is experience, maturity, a solid reputation, and a track record of success. These criteria favor older rather than younger entrepreneurs.

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Types of Start-Up Firms

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Changing Demographics of Entrepreneurs

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Women Entrepreneurs
There were 6.2 million womenowned businesses in 2002 (the most recent statistics available) This number was up 20% from 1997.
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Changing Demographics of Entrepreneurs

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Minority Entrepreneurs
Minorities owned roughly 18% of U.S. businesses in 2002. This number was up 10% from 1997.

Senior Entrepreneurs

Although statistics are not kept on senior entrepreneurs, there is strong evidence that the number of older people choosing entrepreneurial careers is rapidly increasing.

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Changing Demographics of Entrepreneurs

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Young Entrepreneurs
Interest among young people in entrepreneurial careers is growing. According to a Gallop study, 7 out of 10 high school students want to start their own business. Over 2,000 two-year and four-year colleges and universities offer entrepreneurship courses.

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Economic Impact of Entrepreneurial Firms

Innovation
Is the process of creating something new, which is central to the entrepreneurial process. o Small firms are twice as innovative per employee as large firms.
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Job Creation
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In the past two decades, economic activity has moved in the direction of smaller entrepreneurial firms, which may be due to their unique ability to innovate and focus on specialized tasks.

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Entrepreneurial Firms Impact on Society and Larger Firms

Impact on Society
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The innovations of entrepreneurial firms have a dramatic impact on society. Think of all the new products and services that make our lives easier, enhance our productivity at work, improve our health, and entertain us in new ways.
Many entrepreneurial firms have built their entire business models around producing products and services that help larger firms become more efficient and effective.
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Impact on Larger Firms

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The Entrepreneurial Process

The Entrepreneurial Process Consists of Four Steps Step 1: Deciding to become an entrepreneur. Step 2: Developing successful business ideas. Step 3: Moving from an idea to an entrepreneurial firm. Step 4: Managing and growing the entrepreneurial firm. Step 5: Exiting the venture.

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Steps in the Entrepreneurial Process

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Step 1

Step 2
Developing Successful Business Ideas

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Steps in the Entrepreneurial Process

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Step 3

Step 4

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