HUFAGRIP

Bangun Damayanti Eltanina Fibri Herlina Mei Serafica Widani

DIAGNOSIS:ANALYSIS AND SYNTHESIS OF DATA

Diagnosis Considerations
Definition . diagnosis is an analysis of the cause and nature of problem or situation, or a statement of its solution (Stein, 1982).

The nursing diagnostic process is a

complex decision-making process. It is the

collection of data by observation,

interaction, and measurement, and the interpretation of the data based on the nurses scientific knowledge base and experience, culminating in the identification of a nursing diagnostic statement.

Analysis is........ the separation of

material into constituent parts, the critical

examination that defines essential features and their relations. In the nursing diagnostic process, analysis is the categorization of data and the

identification of data gaps.

Synthesis is.. the combination of the parts or elements into a single entity. It is a process of reasoning in which the conclusion is reached directly from given

propositions and established or assumed

principles (Stein, 1982).

Historical Perspective .. The nursing diagnostic process is the

professional nurses responsibility.

Analysis/synthesis is influenced by the

nurses background of scientific

knowledge, past nursing experiences, and definition of nursing.

The diagnostic process requires a knowledge base that includes anatomy, physiology, pathology, psychology, sociology, anthropology, epidemiology, bacteriology, and nursing theories.

Intellectual Process
1. Objectivity . The nurse maintains objectivity in interpreting client data to ensure accuracy. 2. Critical Thinking . Critical thinking is sifting through the data and generating ideas.

3. Decision Making
Decision making is discriminative thinking and is used to choose a particular course of action. Several models for decision making may be used. Decision making is the process of identifying and selecting the best alternative, and includes components of deliberation, judgment, and choice.

Guidelines For Analysis/Synthesis

1.

Data are categorized

2.
3. 4.

Data gaps and incongruencies are identified

Cues are clustered into patterns Appropiate theories, models, frameworks, concepts, norms, and standards are applied and compared with patterns

5.
6.

Health concerns and strengths are identified

Etological relationships are proposed

APPLICATION OF THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND CONCEPTUAL MODELS

INDIVIDUAL FAMILY COMMUNITY

INDIVIDUAL
Functional health patterns typologi is another useful format for categorizing and analyzing the data. Functional patterns include health perception-health management, nutritional-metabolic, elimination, activity-exercise, cognitiveperceptual, sleep-rest, self-perception/self care, role-relationship, sexualityreproductive, coping-stress tolerance, and value belief (Gordons, 1982).

FAMILY
The functional categories are either adequate or inadequate, functional or dysfunctional. These distinctions apply to Friedmans (1981) categories of family function: affection (personality maintenance); socialization and social placement; reproduction family coping; economy; and provision of physical necessities.

COMMUNITY
Approaches that may be used for analysis/synthesis of community are epidemiological, interactional, structural, nursing, and system. Community data are interpreted from histograms, frequency graphs, pie charts, statistical maps, tables, and narrative statements.