CFX Multiphase 12.

0 Workshop 6

Rectangular Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces and MUSIG

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-1

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Introduction
This simulation involves bubbly flow in a rectangular bubble column In the first workshop, you set up and ran a steady-state Eulerian simulation with only buoyancy and drag forces included on the bubbles. The shape of the bubble plume did not match experiments, probably because some potentially important forces were neglected. In the second workshop, you added non-drag forces to the model In this workshop, you will replace the constant diameter dispersed phase with a homogeneous MUSIG fluid This workshop demonstrates
Eulerian multiphase flow Buoyant flow Non-drag forces MUSIG population balance
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

WS6-2

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Background
Rather than prescribing a dispersed phase size as in the standard Eulerian treatment, the MUSIG model allows you to predict a mean size via a population balance approach which models the process of coalescence and break-up For a MUSIG fluid, you divide the fluid into a number of size groups or bins. In the homogeneous treatment of the MUSIG model (assumed here), all bubble sizes are assumed to move with the same velocity (approximately valid for bubbles in the elliptical regime) Where the solver needs to compute the mean diameter for the interfacial area it will use the Sauter mean diameter, d32. You will define a size group with six size groups ranging from 0.5 to 10 mm and assume that the bubbles all enter in the smallest size class. The solver will then compute the mean stable bubble size.
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

WS6-3

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Adding a Polydispersed Fluid

Start CFX-Pre and open the results file for your run for the second workshop (which added the non-drag forces) Double-click the Default Domain in the outline On the Basic Settings tab, highlight air in the Fluid and Particle Definitions windows and change the Morphology Option to Polydispersed Fluid Notice that a Polydispersed Fluids tab now appears on the Domain Details form. You can set the properties of the Polydispersed Fluid on this form, which includes MUSIG size group settings, MUSIG fluid type, coalescence and breakup models, etc.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-4

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Poydispersed Fluids: MUSIG Settings

Click on the Polydispersed Fluids tab Click on the New icon and define a new polydispersed fluid named air poly Click on the Option tab and note that you have four different options:
homogeneous and inhomogeneous MUSIG (which divide the bubbles into discrete size groups) homogeneous and inhomogeneous DQMOM which are based on the quadrature method of moments

Workshop Supplement

Choose the homogeneous MUSIG option

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-5

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Poydispersed Fluids: MUSIG Settings

Still on the Polydispersed Fluids tab:
Under the Size Group Distribution, set the Option to Equal Diameter, the Number of Size Groups to 6, the Minimum Diameter to 0.5 [mm] or 0.0005 [m], the the Maximum Diameter to 10 [mm] or 0.01 [m] Step through the Size Groups List and note that each group is assigned to the single Polydispersed Fluid air Accept the default choices for the Breakup Model (Luo and Svendsen) and the Coalescence Model (Prince and Blanch)

Workshop Supplement

Click OK to complete the polydispersed fluid settings and the modification of the domain

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-6

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Modifying the Inlet Boundary

Some errors will appear in the message window, since a polydispersed fluid has been defined but the size group fractions have not been defined where they are needed by the solver (e.g. at at inlets, and openings) Double-click the inlet boundary in the Outline to modify it Click on the Fluid Values tab Highlight air and in the Size Group List, step through each Size Group and set the Option to Value. For Group 1, set the Size Fraction to 1. For Size Groups 2-6, set the Size Fraction to 0. This assumes that the bubbles at the inlet all enter in the smallest size group Click OK to complete the changes to the inlet boundary
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

Set all other Size Fractions to 0

WS6-7

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Modifying the Opening Boundary

Double-click the outlet boundary in the Outline to modify it Click on the Fluid Values tab Highlight air and in the Size Group List, step through each Size Group and set the Option to Value. For Groups 1 5, set the Size Fraction to 0. For Size Group 6, set the Size Fraction to 1. This assumes that any bubbles entrained at the outlet all enter in the largest size group Click OK to complete the changes to the outlet opening boundary The errors in the Message Window should now have been cleared

Workshop Supplement

Set all other Size Fractions to 0

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-8

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Setting the Initial Guess

Click on the Global Initialisation icon You will restart this simulation from the previous run with the non-drag forces included That simulation used the same fluid (air), but it did not have the MUSIG size groups defined You can therefore keep the previous settings for all variables except the Group Size Fractions as the solver will use the values from the restart file. Click on the FLUID values tab and highlight air. Change the Option for each Size Group Size Fraction to Automatic with Value. Step through each Size Group and set the Size Fraction for Group 1 to 1 and for Groups 2-6 to 0.0 Click OK to complete the Initial Guess specification
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

Set all other Size Fractions to 0

WS6-9

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Writing the Case and Solver File

Save the CFX-Pre case file as BubbleColumn_ndf_MUSIG.cfx Click on the Write Solver Input File icon On the Write Solver File form, enable the Quit CFX-Pre toggle, enter the File name as BubbleColumn_ndf_MUSIG.def and click Save.

Workshop Supplement

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-10

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Running the Solver

Start the CFX Solver Manager and select File/Define Run Select the definition file you just write for the simulation with the non-drag forces and MUSIG fluid included Enable the Initial Values Specification toggle and specify the File Name for the Initial Values 1 file as results file simulation you ran in Workshop 2 with the non-drag forces included Enable the toggle to continue the monitor history from Initial Values 1 Click on Start Run to commence the Run (The simulation wil take about 45 minutes to complete 400 iterations)
ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Workshop Supplement

WS6-11

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Monitoring the Run

Mass and Momentum Residuals

Workshop Supplement

Imbalances

Start of run

Holdup

Start of run Start of run

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-12

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Post-Processing

Workshop Supplement

Select the +Z view. Create a XY-Plane for a Z-value of 0.01 m and color it according to air.Mean Particle Diameter. The value is lowest near the inlet but increases after that as the bubbles coalesce. A mean size is reached as the processes of breakup and coalescence reach equilibrium. There is an increase again in the headspace that one would expect due to coalescence.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-13

September 1, 2009 Inventory #

WS6: Bubble Column with Non-Drag Forces + MUSIG

Improving Convergence

Workshop Supplement

This example workshop was intended for demonstration purposes and as an introduction to the steps required to include the MUSIG model in a multiphase simulation. It was set up to run in a reasonably short period of time. The convergence in this example is not particularly good and should be improved if the results were to be taken as final. The convergence for this problem could be improved substantially by running the simulation as transient. To convert the steady-state simulation to a transient one, you could open the definition file in CFX-Pre and change the Simulation Type to Transient. Timesteps of 0.005 s with an overall duration of 20 s would be appropriate The runtime for this transient simulation will be significant and will be outside the scope of the time allotted for the practicals in this course Convergence will be better for the transient case.

ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

WS6-14

September 1, 2009 Inventory #