Presented by : Ekta singh

WHAT IS MOORES LAW ?

Moore's law describes the computing hardware trend that transistors on an integrated circuit will double every two years.

INVENTION OF MOORES LAW

In 1965, Gordon E. Moore, the co-founder of Intel published a paper predicting that the integrated circuit could be expanded exponentially at a reasonable cost approximately every two years. While Moore's law is a really just an observation of a trend, it has also become a goal of the electronics industry.

APPLICATION OF MOORES LAW

Moore's law has been applied (though not by Moore) across
the entire electronic sector, marking the price-performance trends for processing speed, memory, storage, digital networks, and picture resolution by the same exponential growth measure while controlling for cost.
Most agree that the trend of continued price-performance improvements cannot continue at this exponential rate forever. While the price may remain constant, performance cannot exceed physical limitations of processors

INTEGRATED CIRCUITS:

An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip) is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of thin substrate of semiconductor material.

MSI(MEDIUM SCALE INTEGRATION)

Medium-Scale Integration is a term used in electronic chip manufacturing industry. An integrated circuit which contained hundreds of transistors each chip, called MediumScale Integration (MSI).

Medium Scale Integration came in to industry in late 1960s. MSI is the next step in the development of integrated circuits after 'Small Scale Integration'. Medium-Scale Integration allowed more complex systems to be produced using smaller circuit boards than in SSI (Small Scale Integration).

VLSI (VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION)

Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating integrated circuits by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed.

A VLSI INTEGRATED CIRCUIT

ULSI (ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION)

Ultra-large scale integration, or ULSI for short, refers to the ability to position more than one million integrated circuits on a single computer chip. An integrated circuit is a circuit whosecomponents are etched onto a slice of semiconductor material. The ability to pack more integrated circuits onto a chip increases the computational power and speed of the computer or other machine in which the chip resides. The use of ULSI in a device permits operation at a lower voltage, lowers the power consumption and provides a higher speed of operation.

ULSI ( ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATIION)

ULSI is the largest type of integrated circuit. The other

types range in size from less than 100 circuits (smallscale integration) to between 100,000 and 1,000,000 (very-large scale integration, or VLSI). Operationally, the dividing line between VLSI and ULSI integrated circuits is often difficult to determine.

APPLICATION OF ULSI:
1. Some of the devices that utilize ULSI technology are processors, scanners that convert printed information to coded data, semiconductor memory, semiconductors (such as the Metal OxideSemiconductor Field Effect Transistor, or MOSFET), and the bipolar transistor, which amplifies analog and digital signals. 2. The widely used Intel486 and Pentium microprocessors-silicon chips that contain the computer's central processing unit--use USLI technology.