What is to be learned?

What are fractional indices? How to write fractional indices as

roots? How to evaluate fractional indices?

LAW OF INDICES
Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.

anxa a n a

= a n+m = a n-m

Rule 2 : Division of Indices.

m

Rule 3 : Raising numbers of Indices.

(a m)n = a m x n = a mn
Rule 4 : Negative Indices.

n 1 a an

FOCUS FOR TODAY!

Rule 5 : For indices which are fractions.

a n a

1 n

(The nth root of a )

Rule 6 : For indices which are fractions. m (The nth root of a to m n n a ( a ) the power of m)

How to convert?
Rule 5 :

a
If we have ,
3

1 n

We know that, So,

k n k
3

1 n

k k

1 3

What if 4

Rule 6 :
a

m n

( n a )m

What if we have ( 3 27 ) 2
So,

(3 27 ) 2 27

2 3

If we want to find the value,

(3 27 ) 2 (3) 2 9

Multiplication Of Fractional Indices

Example 1. Simplify:

a 3 a
Solution.

a 3 a

Change the roots to powers. Select the appropriate rule of indices. Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.

a a

1 2

1 3

a
6

5 6
5

anxa

= a n+m

( a)

Add the fractions. 1 1 3 2 5 2 3 6 6

Example 2. Simplify:

( 3 a )4 ( 5 a ) 3
Solution.

( 3 a )4 ( 5 a ) 3

Change the roots to powers. Select the appropriate rule of indices. Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.

a a

4 3

3 5

a
15

29 15
29

anxa

= a n+m

( a)

Add the fractions.

4 3 20 9 29 3 5 15 15

Division
Example 1. Simplify:

g 3 g
Solution.

g 3 g
g g
1 2 1 3

Change the roots to powers.

Select the appropriate rule of indices.

Rule 2 : Division of Indices.

1 6

a n a

= a n-m

Subtract the fractions.

1 1 32 1 2 3 6 6

6 g

Example 2. Simplify:

( 4 16 ) 5 (5 32 ) 2
Solution.

( 4 16 ) 5 (5 32 ) 2

25 2 2 25 2
23 8

Select the appropriate rule of indices. Rule 2 : Division of Indices.

a n a

= a n-m

Subtract the index. 52 3

Multiplication & Division

Example 1. Simplify: Change the roots to powers.

a a ( 3 a )2
Solution:

Select the appropriate rule of indices.

Rule 1 : Multiplication of Indices.

a a ( 3 a )2
aa a
5 6
2 3 1 2

anxa a n a

= a n+m = a n-m

Rule 2 : Division of Indices.

m

Calculate the fractions.

( 6 a )5 a

1 3 3 2 94 5 1 6 6 2 2 2 3

Common mistake
Example:

Simplify:
2 3 8 ( 256 )3

Example 2 Simplify:

2 3 8 (4 256 )3
Solution:

Select the appropriate rule of indices.

2 3 8 (4 256 )3
2 2 41 3 3 4 4

Rule 2 : Division of Indices.

a n a

= a n-m

413 42 1 16

Rule 4 : Negative Indices. n 1 a an

POP QUIZ!!
1.

( 4 16 ) ( 2 16 ) 3 128
( 64 ) ( 25 )
3 2 2 3

2.

16 125 3 2

3.

2 9 (3 8 ) 2

EXERCISES
Please find your exercises at drop box.

Do exercises 3.1 on fractional indices.

Submit to me before 12 pm tomorrow. GOOD LUCK!