By Er.

Prabir Mohanty

CLASSIFICATION
On the basis of Physical State
Solid Liquid Gaseous On the basis of Mode of Procurement Natural Fuel Synthetic Fuel

NATURAL FUEL
Solid: Wood, Peat, Coal Liquid: Petroleum

SYNTHETIC FUEL
Solid : Coke, Shorewood Liquid: Gasoline, Diesel,

Gaseous: Natural Gas

Kerosene Gaseous: Coal gas, Acetylene

PROPERTIES OF GOOD FUEL

Low Ignition Temperature High Calorific Value

Easy To Store
Minimum Smoke Economical

CALORIFIC VALUE
It is the number of heat unit liberated in Kcal by the

complete combustion of the fuel. It is measured in two ways: HCV:- High Calorific Value LCV:- Low Calorific Value

FUEL USED IN THERMAL POWER PLANT

COAL :-

It is the stratified rock of decaying trees & vegetation that underwent morphological changes by an aerobic biogradaition through millions of years under heat & pressure of the earth crest above them

CLASSIFICATION OF COAL
GRADE
A B C D E F

CALORIFIC VALUE
Exceeding 6200 Kcal/Kg 5600 6200 4940 5600 4200 4940 3360 4200 2400 3360

1300 - 2400

COMPOSITION OF COAL
INDIAN COAL
Fixed carbon:- 34.69% Volatile Matter:- 20.7% Ash:- 38.6% Moisture:- 5.98% Hydrogen:- 2.76% Nitrogen:- 1.22%

INDONESIAN COAL
Fixed Carbon:- 58.96% Moisture:- 9.43% Ash:-13.99% Hydrogen:- 4.16% Nitrogen:- 1.02% Sulphure:- 0.56%

Sulphure:- 0.41%
Oxygen:- 9.89%

Oxygen:- 11.88%

COAL ANALYSIS
Proximate Analysis:-

Fixed Carbon, Volatile Matter, Moisture, Ash Ultimate Analysis:Nitrogen, Oxygen, Carbon, Ash, Sulphure, Hydrogen

FIXED CARBON
Major component of coal
Calorific value increases for higher % of fixed carbon % of F.C = 100% -[(% of M) (% of VM) (% of Ash)]

VOLATILE MATTER
Methane, Hydrocarbon, Hydrogen, CO, C2H6, H2S

PROPERTIES
Increase flame length, easier ignition

Influences secondary air requirement

Influences secondary oil support Produce smoke, hence affect the furnace volume

VM = (Fixed carbon of dry coal)/[1 (1.08A 0.55S)]

ASH
Ash is the impurity that will not burn.

PROPERTIES
Reduce handling & burning capacity. Increases handling cost. Affects combustion efficiency. Causes Clinkering & Slugging.

MOISTURE
The oxygen content, that is consumed by hydrogen atom in the

coal.

PROPERTIES
Increase heat loss due to evaporation & superheating of vapor. Helps to a limit in binding fines.

SULPHURE
Range:- 0.5% - 0.8%

PROPERTIES
Affects clinkering & slugging tendency.

Corrodes chimney & other equipments such as Airpreheater,

Economizer Limits exit flue gas temperature.