Year 11 Seminar

June 2012

Design inspired by the Rain Forest

Using rainforests as the theme, develop ideas for a textile product which include a range of fabrics, components and modern materials

Fashion inspired by the Rain Forest

Scales of Production
Mass Production

A large number of identical products made continuously over a long period of time. Products are not too complicated and can be made cheaply Unskilled workers generally production is fully automated

Scales of Production

Batch Production
A number of products produced for seasonal demand or to order Factories produce a number of different products Workers have more skill as they are often required to work on more than one section of the garment or assembly line

Scales of Production

One-off Production
One product is made to order by a skilled tailor or seamstress and is made directly for the customers needs Product is made from start to finish by one person Product is expensive Haute Couture and Bespoke tailoring are extreme examples of this method

Other things you should know

Scales of Production

Sub-assemblies: Where sections of the garment or its

decoration are made in a different factory by skilled w orkers on specialist machines, then sent to the main factory to be included in the garment

Just in Time Stock Control:The exact amount of materials,

components and sub-assemblies arrive in the factory a short period before it is needed. There is no room for mistakes!

Off the Peg Manufacture: Mass and Batch produced

products use templates of average sizes to keep the costs dow n

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

Quality control checks are planned into the both the :
designing and manufacturing process. At each stage of production it ensures the product is made correctly w ith no mistakes and is of good quality. It checks size, appearance, colour, construction and performance.

Quality Assurance:is a guarantee made by the

manufacturer to the customer that the product is safe to use, w ear and meets the customers needs. It is fit for the purpose for w hich it is intended

Quality Assurance & Quality Control

Spot Checks A part of the Quality control process, checks :
are carried out randomly, after the product has been transported to the distribution centre to ensure mass produced products are made to the required standard.

Tolerances Where a seam allow ance, pocket size or garment :

size or position of a pocket etc w ill be accepted in a quality check if it is w ithin a certain tolerance eg w ithin 2-3 mm smaller or larger than the ideal measurement

Know your fibres

There are three types of fibres Natural, Synthetic (manmade) & Regenerated fibres

Synthetic fibres come from oil Regenerated fibres come from a Combination of chemicals and cellulose waste

Natural fibres can come from Either animal or plant

Know your fibres

A number of fibres from different sources Are used in the textiles industry These are categorised into Natural, Synthetic and Regenerated fibres Silk Wool Mohair Angora Polyester Nylon Cotton Linen Bamboo Hemp
Cotton Polyester Wool Mohair Angora Linen Nylon Viscose Silk Hemp Bamboo Microfibre

Microfibre Viscose

Fabrics and Fibres

Velvet is made from Silk so is organza, tafetta,Chiffon & Satin Denim is made out of cotton so is cord, calico, voile, Jersey & Lawn

Smart Fabrics
Polartec Goretex Soft, warm, manmade fleece can be made from plastic bottles Light weight material which is bonded, waterproof and insulates against the wind, but allows wearers body to breathe

Neoprene - Body hugging fabric

used by divers which keeps body heat constant by allowing water to pass through to the body and trapping it between the fabric and the body so it heats to body temperature

Fast skin - A biomimetic fibre that

mimics shark skin. It helps swimmers swim faster

Smart Fabrics
Photochromic - pigment or fabric which reacts with light, it
becomes transparent to reveal colour underneath

Thermochromic - pigment or fabric which reacts with heat,

it becomes transparent to reveal colour underneath

Phosphorescent - Glow in the dark paints dyes and threads

Smart Fabrics
Microfibres - Hard wearing, soft to touch, breatheable fabric, fibres measure
less than one denier so fabric dries rapidly and causes less skin irritation

Nano fibres - Similar to microfibres, but much smaller, These are extremely fine
fibres that resist water due to thousands of soft hairs on the surface of the fibre, it is soft and lightweight and breathable is used in sports wear, for medical purposes due to its antibacterial qualities.

Micro Encapsulated -

perfumes, lotions, medicines etc and manufactured into fibres in small microbeads which burst when fabric is worn, rubbed or heated

What is a component?
It is a part of the main garment that is made from another material eg plastic, metal and other textile materials. A component always has a purpose. This includes fastenings but also include things like elastic, eyelets, boning, piping and toggles

A pocket is NOT a component

Objectives:
To have a greater understanding of the 6Rs and their importance to the environment To use team work to produce a sustainable product

Introducing the 6 Rs

Sustainability
What does Sustainability in Textiles mean?
RECYCLE - Product is converted back to its basic raw materials and made into new products REUSE Unwanted textiles are given to charity jumble sales or Passed to another person to wear REDUCE Cut down the amount of waste by buying less new REFUSE Do not buy a product that has not been sustainably designed or manufactured, or products that can not be reused or recycled RETHINK - Choose products that use less energy and produce less waste REPAIR Wear clothes longer by repairing or mending clothes rather than throwing them away, think about the slogan in WW2, MAKE DO & MEND

Sustainability
What is Sustainability? What are Sustainable Resources?

Sustainability is.. when a resource can be used over and over again, it is generally renewable and its use will not be detrimental To the earth

Sustainability
What is Sustainability? To meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable living is a lifestyle that can be sustained without exhausting and using up the earths natural resources.

That is: living simply and efficiently, and making everything we do use last as far as possible and achieve as much as can be achieved.

How is your textile products recycled?

The fabric is respun and made into new items. You buy something made of fabric.

The fabric is used as wiping cloths, or stuffing for furniture.

Items that are in good condition are sold in charity shops, or sent abroad to be reused.

You take old clothes to a charity shop, recycling bank; or you may be able to put them in your recycling box/bin at home. The fabric is cleaned and sorted

The fabric is shredded

Items that are not rewearable are sorted by type and colour of fabric.

How is polyester made from Plastic bottles (PET)?

The new plastic items are sold in shops. You buy something in a plastic bottle. You wash and squash your empty bottle and take it to a plastic bottle recycling bank, or you may be able to put it in your recycling box/bin at home.

The plastic flakes are melted down and can be made into new items.

The plastic bottles are taken to a factory for recycling.

The sorted plastic is washed and shredded into small flakes.

The bottles are sorted into different types of plastic to be recycled separately.

Other sustainable fabrics are Biofibres

What are Biofibres?
They are materials made from renewable plant material. Bamboo Sweet corn Fibre Soya bean Fibre Wood Pulp

This means using food crops for Biofibres. Why is this a complex issue?

Fair Trade
Fair trade pays a fair price to workers for labour, crops and goods manufactured in third world countries
It allows the workers to escape poverty and live a comfortable life, where they can provide food, clothing, shelter and education for their families Improves skill and learning by through education and training, ending child labour and exploitation

It gives workers better working conditions eg lower working hours, better facilities, achievable targets and a better environment in which to work
It promotes sustainability

Construction techniques
1. plain seam 2. Flat felled seam 3. French seam

4 5 6 7 8 9

Piping Gathers Pleats Pintucks Dart Hem

Decorative Techniques
What are the following decorative techniques?

Reverse Applique Beading

Applique Embroidery

Screen Printing Stencilling

CAD/CAM
What does this mean?

NO not the embroidery machine, it covers a

whole range of computer run processes with the textiles industry.
It stands for: Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacturing

CAD (Computer Aided Design)

This covers anything from computer design programmes like Adobe Photoshop and Illustrator,as well as industrial design programmes fabric & Garment design, pattern design, lay out programmes. CAD helps designers to visualize and see their imaginative design in final form without producing any sample swatch. 2D Design software
Trend websites Drawing patterns and layplans

The Advantages of CAD

.The expense and time is reduced by a lot, compared to drawing
out designs Designing can be done from anywhere as the customers are able to control the process from remote locations as well. The data can be easily stored, transmitted, and transported through computer files. Digital swatches can be saved on CD-ROM or hard drive therefore saving space. They can also be easily organised for fast and easy retrieval. The designs can be easily customized and personalized as corrections and editing can be done at any time without significant delays or cost increases. The designers don't need to produce swatches all the time as they can see how a particular fabric or garment looks in different colours and shapes on computer screen itself.

CAM
(Computer Aided Manufacturing)
CAM is the use of computers to help produce a product. SO YES the embroidery machine comes under this, but so does, computerised pattern and fabric laser cutters, computerised sewing machines, fabric printing, weaving, knitting etc

The Advantages of CAM

Fewer mistakes are made a there is less human input, therefore less room for error It reduces time and labour costs. Changes can be made quickly and easily to the design It is very accurate, which helps to ensure a high quality product. Large amounts of identical products can be manufactured quickly and accurately.

Disadvantages of CAD/CAM
The software is very expensive. Workers require training in how to use CAD/CAM and this can be expensive. Computer virus can mean that work can be destroyed.

Laser Cutter

3D Modelling

Embroidery and computerised sewing machines

Digital Fabric printing

Care Labels

Other symbols you should know

QuickTime and a decompressor are needed to see this pictur e.

Recycling logo