Energy Savings Opportunities in Controls, Lighting, Air Conditioning, Water Heating and Refrigeration

Chuck Thomas, P.E. CEM

Lead Engineer

Benefits of Energy Conservation

Savings add directly to bottom line Reduced emissions Reduced effluent Conserves resources Reduced maintenance Improved comfort Provides bragging rights

First Step - Define your Baseline

Perform an Energy Survey

Graph utility usage verses weather and occupancy Review utility rates Benchmark your facility verses similar facilities Lighting Water/sewer & water heating Heating and cooling Evaluate controls

Usage and Billing Data

Graph usage

Electric kWh, kW, $, average $/kWh Fuel usage, $, $/therm Water/sewer usage, $, $/Ccf or 1,000 gallons

Cost per square foot Cost per occupied room Cost per meal Usage verses weather data

Energy Usage
KWH Used 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 300 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000
Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct

KW and Degree Days 600

500

400

200

100

KWH Usage

Weather

KW Demand

Hi-rise Hotel Energy Segments

Maximum KW
57%

12 Story - 665 Rooms

Area HVAC Common HVAC Rooms Lighting Common Lighting Rooms Miscellaneous Totals Highest Peak KW Average Peak KW Lowest Peak KW Maximum KW 220.3 899.7 98.3 240.8 132.0 1,591 1,322 1,066 787

6% 14% 8% 15%

Average KW 49%

20% to 35% common area usage

20% 11% 11% 9%

Typical Lodging Electric Usage

Typical Lodging Electric Distrubtion
10% 4% 58%

28%

HVAC

Lighting

Water Heating

Miscellaneous

$450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0

Typical Room Electric Energy Usage per year

PTAC's

Lighting

Misc.

Annual Hotel Electric Bill per Room

11 Orlando Hotels - Properties were from 141 rooms to 1,020 rooms
$1,800 $1,600 $1,400 $1,200 $1,000 $800 $600 $400 $200 $0 $480 $463 $587 $863 $857
$0.80 to $4.52 per room per night
Large Convention Ctr 4 Restaurants + 750 rooms $1,651

$1,409 $1,213 246 rooms

$632 141 rooms $561 245 rooms

$293 Small Convention Ctr

+ 1,020 rooms

Rates

Understand the terms

Demand, energy, power factor, load factor, hours of use, ratchets, kVAr, kVA, Ccf, therms, etc
Varies with utility and usage

What are your options

Calculate bill under rate options

Lighting Audit

Determine cost per room per month & day

Represents 20-30% of electric billing 30-40% savings potential in lighting

T8s

- up to 40% savings (more light than 34 watt) Compacts - up to 75% savings and longer life LED exit signs - up to 90 % savings and longer life

Savings in A/C
Less

heat to remove

Maintain lighting foot-candles at IES standards

Water/Sewer & Water Heating

Determine cost per room per month & day

Check for and repair leaks Deduct meters on cooling tower make-up Low gallon per flush toilets Lower gpm shower heads
Customer

acceptable models

Efficient water heaters Insulated piping Consider heat recovery from refrigeration, A/C

Heating & Cooling

Unoccupied room usage

temperature set back - 30% savings of HVAC

Window treatments

Films, low Summer Heat Gain Coefficient SHGC windows, awnings, sun screens Drapery use - 30% savings of HVAC if used

Replace with high SEER, HSPF Book rooms with lowest HVAC cost first

Lowest solar exposure - summer Lowest envelope exposure - winter

Refrigeration

Estimate operating cost Check

temperature settings seals, door alignment coil condition location of condensers defrost controls

Replace with high efficiency systems Run only what is necessary

Controls

Check for proper operation

note complaints

Training of personnel

temperature settings draperies

Consider Energy Management Systems

Documents usage Documents operation Automates controls

Establish Energy Awareness Campaign

Energy Awareness Campaign

Shows management commitment Reward system for each departments participation in meeting goals

Recognition for enthusiastic support Dinner coupons or room night coupons for leadership role in meeting goals Department with highest savings rewarded

Internal newsletter needs to highlight progress towards goals Financial backing for low-cost fast payback projects

Energy Awareness Campaign:

Select attainable goals

Based on energy audit and benchmarking

Reduce average kWh monthly usage by X% (compared to last year, weather neutralized) Reduce average gallons of water monthly usage by y% (compared to last year) Reduce average Gas monthly usage by z% (compared to last year)

Review

Understand your usage Look for changes Keep up on maintenance Install high efficient lighting, water heating and HVAC systems Reduce water usage Insure proper controls and operation Establish an Energy Awareness Program

Summary - Significant benefits are

possible by implementing conservation programs Show them the money Document the other savings

Reduced emissions Reduced effluent Conserved water, fuel Reduced maintenance Improved comfort

Brag