Why use a surface treatment?

Improves durability

Controls Friction

Reduces Adhesion

Why use surface treatment? (cont)

Improves Lubrication

Rebuild Surfaces

Aesthetics

Types of Treatments

Mechanical Surface Treatments Mechanical Plating & Cladding Case Hardening Thermal Spraying Vapor Deposition Laser Treatments

Mechanical Surface Treatments

Peening

Shot Peening Laser Shot Peening Water-jet Peening Ultrasonic Peening

Roller Burnishing Explosive Hardening

Mechanical Plating & Cladding

Mechanical Plating Cladding

Laser Cladding

Case Hardening and Hard Facing

Case Hardening
Hard Facing Spark Hardening

Thermal Spraying

Combustion Spraying

Thermal Wire Spray Thermal MetalPowder Spray Plasma Spray

Vapor Deposition

Physical Vapor Deposition Vacuum Deposition Sputtering Chemical Deposition

Ion Platting

Physical Vapor Deposition

Sputtering

Ion Implantation & Diffusion Coating

Particulates penetrate substrate Modifies surface properties

Increases hardness Improves durability

Masking capability

Laser Treatments

Heating Melting Vaporization Peening

Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming

Electroplating

Workpiece (cathode) is plated with other metal (anode) through a water-based electrolytic solution A SLOW Process!!! 75 micrometers/hou r Solution must be replenished Sacrificial anode

Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming

Operation Sequence

Chemical Cleaning Acid Bath Application of a Base Coat (Optional) Final Electroplating Rinse Tanks

Common Plating Metals

Nickel Cadmium, Copper Tin, Zinc

Electroplating, Electroless Plating, and Electroforming

Electroless Plating

Chemical Reaction More Expensive $$ Uniform Thickness

Electroforming

Metal-fabrication Metal electrodeposited on a mandrel

Conversion Coatings

Anodizing

The workpiece is the anode in an electrolytic cell

Coloring

Alters color of metals, alloys, and ceramics Conversion of surfaces into chemical compounds: oxides, chromates, and phosphates

Hot Dipping

Workpiece is dipped into molten metal

Zinc- galvanized-steel sheet Tin- food containers

Hot-dipped Galvanizing line

Porcelain Enameling; Ceramic and Organic Coatings

Enamels- fuse a coating material by heating to 425 to 1000. Ceramic coatings- Intense temp applied Organic coatings- Wide range of properties: flexability, durability, color, texture

Diamond Coating and Diamond-Like Carbon

Techniques

Chemical vapor deposition Plasma-assisted vapor deposition Ion-beamenhanced deposition

Diamond Properties

Hardness, wear resistance, thermal conductivity

Surface Texturing & Painting

Texturing Techniques

Etching Electric Arcs Lasers Atomic oxygen

Paint Classification

Enamels Lacquers Water-based paints

Cleaning of Surfaces

3 types

Mechanical Cleaning
Electrolytic Cleaning

Physically disturb contaminants

Chemical Cleaning

Abrasive bubbles aid in contaminant removal Solution Saponification Emulsification Dispersion Aggregation

Engineering Metrology and Instrumentation

Metrology refers to the measurement of any type of dimensions
(length, thickness, diameter, angle, etc.)

(functionality, interchangeability, cost)

Focus on Dimensional Tolerance

Describing Quality of Instruments

Resolution- the smallest difference in

dimensions that an instrument can detect.

Precision- the instruments ability to give

repeated measurements (thermal expansion affects precision, standard measuring temperature is 200 C).

Accuracy- The ability of a measurement

to match the actual value of the quantity being measured.

Types of Measurement and Instruments Used