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Pressure created by the heart as it pumps blood through the arteries and the circulatory system Top number (Systolic)= Pressure while heart is beating Bottom number (Diastolic)= Pressure while heart is resting between beats
How
Sphygmomanometer Systolic pressure= pressure when 1st sound is heard Diastolic pressure= pressure when last sound is heard Small children and small adults Average Large overweight and large adults
BP Category Stage 1
(mild HTN)
Follow-up
Stage 2
(moderate HTN)
160-179 or
100-109
Stage 3
(severe HTN)
180 or >
or
110 or >
What
What
What
Race
1 out of every 3 African Americans Higher incidence in non-Hispanic blacks and Mexican Americans
Women
What
Can I Do?
High blood pressure is a lifelong disease Blood pressure can be controlled not cured Controlling blood pressure will reduce the risk of stroke, heart attack, heart failure and kidney disease
What
Can I Do?
Loose weight if your overweight Get regular physical activity Avoid excessive alcohol Stop smoking Manage your stress
What
Can I Do?
Decrease salt intake Eat for heart health Discuss the use of oral contraceptives with your doctor Discuss the use of some medications with your doctor
Ten
Ten
Take your medicine exactly as prescribed 6 Dont run out of pills even for a single day
Ten
10
Medication
Pressure
Diuretics
Rid the body of excess fluids and salt
Beta-blockers
Reduce the heart rate and the work of the heart
Calcium antagonists
Reduce heart rate and relax blood vessels
Medication
Pressure
Angiotensin II receptor blockers(ACE)
Interfere with the bodies production of angiotensin, a chemical that causes the arteries to constrict (narrow)
Vasodialators
Cause the muscle in the wall of the blood vessels to relax, allowing the vessel to dialate (widen)
Medication
Pressure
Sympathetic nerve inhibitors
Sympathetic nerves go from the brain to all parts of the body, including the arteries Cause arteries to constrict raising blood pressure These drugs reduce blood pressure by inhibiting these nerves from constricting blood vessels
Home
Mercury sphygmomanometer
Standard for BP monitoring No calibration May be bulky Need a second person to use machine May be difficult for hearing impaired or patients with arthritis
Home
Aneroid equipment
Inexpensive, lightweight and portable Two person operation/need stethoscope Delicate mechanism, easily damaged Needs calibration with mercury sphygmomanometer
Home
Automatic equipment
Contained in one unit Portable with easy-to-read digital display Expensive, fragile Must be calibrated Requires careful cuff placement