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Xeroxing DNA
Two methods currently exist for amplifying the DNA or making copies
Cloningtakes a long time for enough clones to reach maturity PCRworks on even a single molecule quickly
Annealing
Fancy word for renaturing
When denatured strands of DNA cool, it can renature HYDROGEN BONDS REFORM! Complimentary base pairs must line up in order for this to happen
Old Faithful!
Taq polymerase
This is the name of the most common heat-resistant polymerase extracted from these thermophilic bacteria. Thermus aquaticus is the genus and species name of the bacteria, Taq for short!
We want the primers to bind to the sample DNA once it is denatured to prevent the strands from reannealing
First denaturation
As the temperature is raised to 94C, the target DNA denatures At these high temperatures, there will be NO BINDING of any sequences The reaction mixture is left at 94C for 5 minutes to allow the DNA to completely denature
There are now EIGHT template strands available for making copies
What next?
Now that the most minute sample of DNA has been amplified, there is a large enough PCR product to be electrophoresed.
Applications of PCR
The first application dealt with detection of genetic mutations Now the smallest trace evidence from crime scenes can be amplified in order to provide DNA fingerprinting data