MLDSO & DSO channels -Defining MLDSO & DSO Advantages/disadvantages of MLDSO

Outline
Nonstore retailing
Catalog Direct-Selling Orgs (DSOs)

Electronic Channels
Market Opps Service Output Provision and Demand-Side Gaps Channel Flow Performance and Supply-Side Gaps Coordination Challenges

Non-Store Retailing: Catalogs

E.g.: Sears Catalog, Lands End Service Outputs Offered:
Break bulk Assortment and variety can vary widely (trend towards specialty in-depth focused narrower range products) Smaller Catalogs more targeted mailings Ultimate in Spatial Convenience (shop from home, yet perhaps a delay without expense of overnight delivery)

Non-Store Retailing: Catalogs

Segments served:
Time starved working mother Busy Single parents People whose time and travel costs to get to a store are expensive The Housebound Others?

Related Costs and Risks:

Reliance on manufacturers if do not produce yourself Creation of the catalog (size, product coverage, segment distribution) Mailing List look at lifetime value of mailing list and delete or add customers Order Fulfillment Logistics of picking and packing Stock-Outs inventory management vs. delivery delays Merchandise returns 6-15% in stores, 35% in catalog sales. Returns are more expensive to manage (bulk broken) and ship

Direct-Selling Orgs (DSOs)

Direct Selling is the sale of a consumer product or service in a face to face manner away from a fixed retail location. Typically high reliance on personal selling E.G.s: Amway, Mary Kay, Herbal Life, Avon, and Tupperware. Top 5 DSO countries - sales (Canada is 10th):
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Japan USA Brazil Germany Korea

MLM- Multi-level Marketing (MLDSO)

MLDSO distributors are compensated in three different ways:
1. 2. 3. Mark-up on wholesale cost earnings MLDSO commission paid per sale MLDSO commission on sales made by subordinates (recruits)

Direct-Selling Orgs (DSOs)

Balance growth of Network vs. Sale of products (often based on personal consumption) Ilegal Pyramid Schemes:
Fraudulent mechanisms by which new recruits are required to pay a nonrefundable fee for becoming a distributor and the distributors only reward is this fee (there is no sale and/or consumption of a product or service). Ultimately the last layer of the pyramid will make no money from anyone (population maximized), yet the highest in the pyramid earns money from everyone.

Electronic Channels
any channel that involves using the Internet as a means of reaching the enduser or any channel for which the consumer literally buys on-line. B2C or B2B.

Market Potential for E-Channels

Restrictive Market
must be able to shop online.

Strong Growth in some countries

1998 33% of US online, whereas in 2003 56% of US online

Service Outputs and DemandSide Gaps in E-Channels

Positives:
Any time of day or night spatial convenience More pleasant shopping experience, takes less time Price-value promotions for online shopping Lower prices Broader access Consumer Control

Service Outputs and DemandSide Gaps in E-Channels

Negatives:
Product return challenges Stock availability Timely delivery (like catalog sales) Trust and Privacy Prefer face-to-face shopping

E-Channel Flow Performance and Supply-Side Gaps

New Fixed Costs Created
Technical Infrastructure Warehousing or inventory arrangements Need for new intermediaries (E-bay, yahoo)

May reduce costs (EDI integration, VMI, and CRP systems) Physical Possession inventory, pick, pack, ship costs increase. 3rd Party expert business is on the rise as a result (FedEx). Promotion impacts on alternative channels such as retail stores Negotiation may decrease or increase in intensity Risking increased fear about disclosure of financial information online, reduce risk of holding inventory (ship direct from manufacturer) Ordering Technology has improved effectiveness of ordering dramatically (reducing operating cost and increasing entry cost) Payment existence of electronic payment from backing has facilitated e-commerce growth. Trust issues have induced new 3rd party members like PayPal.

E-Channel Coordination Challenges

Creates Dual Channel Conflicts related to Goals, Domain and perception-of-reality. Bricks and Mortar in combination with online resellers may exert greater strength in the channel, increasing power conflicts. Confusion about online threat results in restrictive channel behaviour precluding channel success (e.g.: mall merchants restricted from online expansion by mall leasor)

Thank You!